The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 9, sentence 32
The Crane now trembled with fear, and flew at once to the edge of the pond, and there, before entering the water the Crab tightened his grip so that the Crane’s neck was cut clear through.
Who acts: Crab · What happens: tremble, fly, enter, tighten, cut, grip · To what, where: Crane, water, grip, neck
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Crane | det |
| 2 | Crane | crane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trembled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 trembled | advmod |
| 4 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 fear | case |
| 6 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trembled | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 flew | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 flew | cc |
| 9 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 trembled | parataxis |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 once | case |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 flew | obl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 edge | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 edge | det |
| 14 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flew | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 pond | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 pond | det |
| 17 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 edge | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 there | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 there | cc |
| 20 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 flew | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 entering | punct |
| 22 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 23 entering | mark |
| 23 | entering | enter | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 tightened | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 water | det |
| 25 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 entering | obj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Crab | det |
| 27 | Crab | Crab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 tightened | nsubj |
| 28 | tightened | tighten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 flew | conj |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 grip | nmod:poss |
| 30 | grip | grip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 tightened | obj |
| 31 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 38 cut | mark |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 cut | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Crane | det |
| 34 | Crane | Crane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 neck | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 34 Crane | case |
| 36 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 cut | aux:pass |
| 38 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 tightened | advcl |
| 39 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 cut | xcomp |
| 40 | through | through | ADV | _ | 38 cut | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 trembled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tremble | participle · passive | the Crane | now | with fear | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | fly | past | to the edge of the pond | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location | |||||
| 3 | enter | gerund | the Crab not said here | the water | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination | ||||
| 4 | tighten | past | the Crab | Crab's grip | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent grip=Patient | ||||
| 5 | cut | past · passive | the Crane's neck | clear, through property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 6 | grip | Crab | nom grip «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/9/32/