Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 16
I have shown elsewhere[a] that the beheading challenge is an incident of very early occurrence in heroic legend, and that the particular form given to it in the English poem is especially interesting, corresponding as it does to the variations of the story as preserved in the oldest known version, that of the old Irish _Fled Bricrend_.
Who acts: I, beheading challenge, particular form, challenge, that, story · What happens: show, be, give, correspond, do, preserve · To what, where: incident, particular form, form, English poem, story, oldest known version
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, beheading challenge, particular form, challenge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 shown | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shown | aux |
| 3 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | elsewhere | elsewhere | ADV | _ | 3 shown | advmod |
| 5 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 14 incident | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 incident | det |
| 7 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 14 incident | punct |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 incident | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 challenge | det |
| 10 | beheading | beheading | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 challenge | compound |
| 11 | challenge | challenge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 incident | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 incident | cop |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 incident | det |
| 14 | incident | incident | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shown | parataxis |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 occurrence | case |
| 16 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 early | advmod |
| 17 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 occurrence | amod |
| 18 | occurrence | occurrence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 incident | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 legend | case |
| 20 | heroic | heroic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 legend | amod |
| 21 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 occurrence | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 interesting | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 interesting | cc |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 interesting | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 form | det |
| 26 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 form | amod |
| 27 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 interesting | nsubj |
| 28 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 form | acl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 it | case |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 given | obl |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 poem | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 poem | det |
| 33 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 poem | amod |
| 34 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 given | obl |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 interesting | cop |
| 36 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 37 interesting | advmod |
| 37 | interesting | interesting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 incident | parataxis |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 corresponding | punct |
| 39 | corresponding | correspond | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 interesting | advcl |
| 40 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 42 does | mark |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 does | nsubj |
| 42 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 corresponding | advcl |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 variations | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 variations | det |
| 45 | variations | variation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 does | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 story | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 story | det |
| 48 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 variations | nmod |
| 49 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 50 preserved | mark |
| 50 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 story | acl |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 version | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 version | det |
| 53 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 55 version | amod |
| 54 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 version | amod |
| 55 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 preserved | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 Fled | punct |
| 57 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 63 Fled | nsubj |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 _ | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 _ | det |
| 60 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 _ | amod |
| 61 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 _ | amod |
| 62 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 that | nmod |
| 63 | Fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 incident | parataxis |
| 64 | Bricrend | Bricrend | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 Fled | obj |
| 65 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 63 Fled | punct |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · perfect | I | elsewhere property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | the beheading challenge | a incident | of early occurrence in heroic legend | tree rules | |||
| 3 | give | participle | the particular form not said here | form | the English poem | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to it=Recipient | |||
| 4 | is | present | the particular form | especially, interesting property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | correspond | gerund | the particular form not said here | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | do | present | challenge | to the variations of the story | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | preserve | participle | the story not said here | the oldest known version | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | know | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 9 | flee | past | that of the old Irish _ | Bricrend | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bricrend=Initial_Location | ||||
| 10 | vary | the story | nom variation «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/16/