Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 21
At first sight one is inclined to assign the episode of the lady of the castle to the class of stories of which the oldest version is preserved in Biblical record—the story of Joseph and Potiphar’s wife; a _motif_ not unseldom employed by mediæval writers, and which notably occurs in what we may call the _Launfal_ group of stories.
Who acts: _ motif, we · What happens: incline, assign, preserve, not employ, occur, call · To what, where: sight, episode, class, oldest version, Biblical record, _ motif · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (_ motif, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 first | case |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 inclined | obl |
| 3 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 inclined | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 sight | flat |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 inclined | aux:pass |
| 6 | inclined | incline | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 assign | mark |
| 8 | assign | assign | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 inclined | xcomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 episode | det |
| 10 | episode | episode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 assign | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lady | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 lady | det |
| 13 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 episode | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 castle | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 castle | det |
| 16 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lady | nmod |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 class | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 class | det |
| 19 | class | class | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 assign | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 stories | case |
| 21 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 class | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 which | case |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 preserved | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 version | det |
| 25 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 26 version | amod |
| 26 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 preserved | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 preserved | aux:pass |
| 28 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 stories | acl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 record | case |
| 30 | Biblical | biblical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 record | amod |
| 31 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 preserved | obl |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 story | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 story | det |
| 34 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 record | appos |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Joseph | case |
| 36 | Joseph | Joseph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 story | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 Potiphar | cc |
| 38 | Potiphar | Potiphar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 wife | nmod:poss |
| 39 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 38 Potiphar | case |
| 40 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 story | nmod |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 motif | punct |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 motif | det |
| 43 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 motif | amod |
| 44 | motif | motif | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 inclined | obl |
| 45 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 48 employed | punct |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 employed | advmod |
| 47 | unseldom | unseldom | ADV | _ | 48 employed | advmod |
| 48 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 motif | acl:relcl |
| 49 | by | by | ADP | _ | 51 writers | case |
| 50 | mediæval | mediæval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 writers | amod |
| 51 | writers | writer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 employed | obl:agent |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 occurs | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 occurs | cc |
| 54 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 occurs | nsubj |
| 55 | notably | notably | ADV | _ | 56 occurs | advmod |
| 56 | occurs | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 motif | conj |
| 57 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 61 call | mark |
| 58 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 61 call | obj |
| 59 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 61 call | nsubj |
| 60 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 61 call | aux |
| 61 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 occurs | advcl |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 group | det |
| 63 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 66 group | punct |
| 64 | Launfal | Launfal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 group | compound |
| 65 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 66 group | punct |
| 66 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 call | obj |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 stories | case |
| 68 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 group | nmod |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 inclined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | incline | present · passive | sight | a _ motif obl | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | assign | to-infinitive | the episode of the lady of the castle | to the class of stories goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent episode=Theme to class=Goal | ||||
| 3 | preserve | present · passive | the oldest version | Biblical record | of stories | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | |||
| 4 | not employ | participle | a _ motif not said here | mediæval writers obl:agent; unseldom property | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | occur | present | a _ motif | notably property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | call | may | we | the Launfal group of stories | what obj | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme group=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/21/