Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 54
And they greeted each other for the New Year, and gave rich gifts, the one to the other (and they that received them were not wroth, that may ye well believe!), and the maidens laughed and made mirth till it was time to get them to meat.
Who acts: kings, that, maidens, mirth · What happens: greet, give, receive, not be, believe, laugh · To what, where: each, rich gifts, mirth, kings
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, that, maidens, mirth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 greeted | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 greeted | nsubj |
| 3 | greeted | greet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 3 greeted | obj |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 each | fixed |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 Year | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Year | det |
| 8 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Year | compound |
| 9 | Year | Year | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 greeted | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 gave | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 gave | cc |
| 12 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 greeted | parataxis |
| 13 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 gifts | amod |
| 14 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gave | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 one | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 one | det |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gifts | appos |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 other | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 other | det |
| 20 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 one | nmod |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 received | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 received | cc |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 received | nsubj |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 received | nsubj |
| 25 | received | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gave | conj |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 wroth | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 wroth | cop |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 wroth | advmod |
| 29 | wroth | wroth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 received | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 believe | punct |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 35 believe | nsubj |
| 32 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 believe | aux |
| 33 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 believe | nsubj |
| 34 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 believe | advmod |
| 35 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 wroth | parataxis |
| 36 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 35 believe | punct |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 wroth | punct |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 laughed | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 laughed | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 maidens | det |
| 41 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 laughed | nsubj |
| 42 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 greeted | conj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 made | cc |
| 44 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 laughed | conj |
| 45 | mirth | mirth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 made | obj |
| 46 | till | till | ADP | _ | 49 time | case |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 time | nsubj |
| 48 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 time | cop |
| 49 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 made | obl |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 get | mark |
| 51 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 made | advcl |
| 52 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 get | obj |
| 53 | to | to | ADP | _ | 54 meat | case |
| 54 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 get | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 greeted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | greet speech: greet | past | kings = king | each | for the New Year | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent each=Theme for year=Attribute | |||
| 2 | give | past | rich gifts | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme | |||||
| 3 | receive | past | kings = king | that nsubj | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not is | past | kings = king | wroth property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | believe | may | that | ye nsubj; well property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | laugh | past | the maidens | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | make | past | the maidens not said here | mirth | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mirth=Product | ||||
| 8 | is | past | mirth | till time | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | get | to-infinitive | the maidens not said here | kings = king | to meat | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/54/