Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 62
Thus the king sat before the high table, and spake of many things; and there good Sir Gawain was seated by Guinevere the queen, and on her other side sat Agravain,[1] _à la dure main_; both were the king’s sister’s sons and full gallant knights.
Who acts: king, Guinevere, la, both · What happens: sit, seat, dure, be · To what, where: high table, good Gawain, Agravain, other side
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, Guinevere, la, both), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 4 sat | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 king | det |
| 3 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sat | nsubj |
| 4 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 8 table | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 table | det |
| 7 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 table | amod |
| 8 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sat | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spake | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 spake | cc |
| 11 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sat | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 things | case |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 things | amod |
| 14 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spake | nmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 seated | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 Gawain | cc |
| 17 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 Gawain | advmod |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Gawain | amod |
| 19 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 20 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 seated | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 seated | aux:pass |
| 22 | seated | seat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sat | advcl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 Guinevere | case |
| 24 | Guinevere | Guinevere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 seated | obl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 queen | det |
| 26 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 seated | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 sat | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 sat | cc |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 side | case |
| 30 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 side | nmod:poss |
| 31 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 side | amod |
| 32 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sat | obl |
| 33 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sat | conj |
| 34 | Agravain | Agravain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 sat | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 1 | punct |
| 36 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 37 1 | punct |
| 37 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 sat | flat |
| 38 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 33 sat | punct |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 33 sat | punct |
| 40 | à | à | ADP | _ | 41 la | case |
| 41 | la | la | X | Foreign=Yes | 42 dure | nsubj |
| 42 | dure | dure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 sat | parataxis |
| 43 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 dure | xcomp |
| 44 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 43 main | punct |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 sons | punct |
| 46 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 49 king | nsubj |
| 47 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 king | cop |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 king | det |
| 49 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 sister | compound |
| 50 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 49 king | case |
| 51 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 sons | nmod:poss |
| 52 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 51 sister | case |
| 53 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sat | parataxis |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 knights | cc |
| 55 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 knights | amod |
| 56 | gallant | gallant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 knights | amod |
| 57 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 sons | conj |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | the king | the high table | spake of many things conj; king sister's sons and full gallant knights parataxis; thus property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before table=Location | |||
| 2 | seat | past · passive | Guinevere | good Gawain Sir | the queen obj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | sit | past | the king not said here | Agravain | feast's other side | 1 flat | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent agravain=Theme on side=Location | ||
| 4 | dure | present | la | main property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | both | 's the king | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/62/