Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 12
The knight was thus gaily dressed in green, his hair falling around his shoulders, on his breast hung a beard, as thick and green as a bush, and the beard and the hair of his head were clipped all round above his elbows.
Who acts: hair · What happens: dress, fall, hang, clip · To what, where: knight, green, shoulders, beard, breast, elbows
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 knight | det |
| 2 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dressed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dressed | aux:pass |
| 4 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 6 dressed | advmod |
| 5 | gaily | gaily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 dressed | amod |
| 6 | dressed | dress | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 green | case |
| 8 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 dressed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 falling | punct |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 hair | nmod:poss |
| 11 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 falling | nsubj |
| 12 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 dressed | advcl |
| 13 | around | around | ADP | _ | 15 shoulders | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 15 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 falling | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hung | punct |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 breast | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 breast | nmod:poss |
| 19 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hung | obl |
| 20 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dressed | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 beard | det |
| 22 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hung | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 thick | punct |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 thick | case |
| 25 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 hung | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 green | cc |
| 27 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 thick | conj |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 bush | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 bush | det |
| 30 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 thick | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 clipped | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 clipped | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 beard | det |
| 34 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 clipped | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 hair | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 hair | det |
| 37 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 beard | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 head | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 head | nmod:poss |
| 40 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 hair | nmod |
| 41 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 clipped | aux:pass |
| 42 | clipped | clip | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 dressed | conj |
| 43 | all | all | ADV | _ | 44 round | advmod |
| 44 | round | round | ADV | _ | 42 clipped | advmod |
| 45 | above | above | ADP | _ | 47 elbows | case |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 elbows | nmod:poss |
| 47 | elbows | elbow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 clipped | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 dressed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dress | past · passive | the knight | green | thus property | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | fall | gerund | folk's hair | folk's shoulders | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around shoulder=Location | ||||
| 3 | hang | past | a beard | folk's breast | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beard=Theme on breast=Destination | ||||
| 4 | clip | past · passive | the beard and the hair of folk's head | folk's elbows | round property | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/12/