Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 16
Such a steed might no other ride, nor had such ever been looked upon in that hall ere that time; and all who saw that knight spake and said that a man might scarce abide his stroke.
Who acts: other ride, man · What happens: such, look, ere, see, say, abide · To what, where: hall, knight spake, stroke, other ride · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other ride, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 steed | det:predet |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 steed | det |
| 3 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ride | nsubj |
| 4 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 ride | aux |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 ride | det |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ride | amod |
| 7 | ride | ride | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 looked | punct |
| 9 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 14 looked | cc |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 looked | aux |
| 11 | such | such | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 looked | mark |
| 12 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 14 looked | advmod |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 looked | aux:pass |
| 14 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 ride | parataxis |
| 15 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 19 ere | mark |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 hall | case |
| 17 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 hall | det |
| 18 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ere | obl |
| 19 | ere | ere | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 looked | advcl |
| 20 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 time | det |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ere | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 saw | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 saw | cc |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 saw | advmod |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 saw | nsubj |
| 26 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 ride | acl:relcl |
| 27 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 spake | det |
| 28 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 spake | compound |
| 29 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 saw | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 said | cc |
| 31 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 saw | conj |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 abide | mark |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 man | det |
| 34 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 abide | nsubj |
| 35 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 abide | aux |
| 36 | scarce | scarce | ADV | _ | 37 abide | advmod |
| 37 | abide | abide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 said | ccomp |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 stroke | nmod:poss |
| 39 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 abide | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ride | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | such | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | look | past · perfect · passive | ever | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute» | |||||
| 3 | ere | past | that hall | time | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | see | past | no other ride such steed | that knight spake | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer speak=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | no other ride such steed not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | abide | might | a man | man's stroke | scarce property | tree rules | |||
| 8 | stroke | man | nom stroke «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/16/