Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 33
“Nay,” quoth the stranger, “so help me He that sitteth on high, ’twas not mine errand to tarry any while in this dwelling; but the praise of this thy folk and thy city is lifted up on high, and thy warriors are holden for the best and the most valiant of those who ride mail-clad to the fight.
Who acts: Knight, warriors · What happens: quoth, help, sit, tarry, lift up, be · To what, where: stranger, Knight, mine errand, high ’ twas, dwelling, praise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knight, warriors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 quoth | punct |
| 2 | Nay | nay | INTJ | _ | 5 quoth | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Nay | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Nay | punct |
| 5 | quoth | quoth | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 stranger | det |
| 7 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 quoth | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 help | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 help | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 help | advmod |
| 11 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 quoth | conj |
| 12 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 help | obj |
| 13 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 sitteth | nsubj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 sitteth | mark |
| 15 | sitteth | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 help | acl:relcl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 twas | case |
| 17 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 twas | amod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 high | punct |
| 19 | ’ | ' | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 twas | amod |
| 20 | twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 sitteth | obl |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 errand | advmod |
| 22 | mine | my | PRON | Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 errand | compound |
| 23 | errand | errand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sitteth | obl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 tarry | mark |
| 25 | tarry | tarry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 errand | acl |
| 26 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 while | det |
| 27 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 tarry | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 dwelling | case |
| 29 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 dwelling | det |
| 30 | dwelling | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 tarry | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 lifted | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 praise | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 praise | det |
| 34 | praise | praise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 lifted | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 this | case |
| 36 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 praise | nmod |
| 37 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 38 folk | nmod:poss |
| 38 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 lifted | nsubj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 city | cc |
| 40 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 41 city | nmod:poss |
| 41 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 folk | conj |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 lifted | aux:pass |
| 43 | lifted | lift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 quoth | parataxis |
| 44 | up | up | ADP | _ | 43 lifted | compound:prt |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 high | case |
| 46 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 lifted | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 holden | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 holden | cc |
| 49 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 50 warriors | nmod:poss |
| 50 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 holden | nsubj |
| 51 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 holden | cop |
| 52 | holden | holden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 lifted | conj |
| 53 | for | for | ADP | _ | 55 best | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 best | det |
| 55 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 52 holden | obl |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 valiant | cc |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 valiant | det |
| 58 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 59 valiant | advmod |
| 59 | valiant | valiant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 holden | conj |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 those | case |
| 61 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 59 valiant | nmod |
| 62 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 63 ride | nsubj |
| 63 | ride | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 those | acl:relcl |
| 64 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 clad | compound | ||
| 65 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 64 mail | punct |
| 66 | clad | clad | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 63 ride | ccomp |
| 67 | to | to | ADP | _ | 69 fight | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 fight | det |
| 69 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 clad | obl |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 quoth | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | quoth | present | the stranger | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | help in a quote | infinitive | Knight | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary | |||||
| 3 | sit in a quote | present | Knight | mine errand | high ’ twas | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on twa=Location | |||
| 4 | tarry in a quote | to-infinitive | Knight not said here | mine errand not said here | this dwelling | while | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dwelling=Location | ||
| 5 | lift up in a quote | present · passive | the praise of this | high | thy folk and thy city nsubj | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on high=Destination | |||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | thy warriors | for the best; the valiant of those conj; holden property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | ride in a quote | present | who nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | clad in a quote | participle | to the fight; mail compound | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | praise in a quote | this | nom praise «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/33/