Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 57
And the knight stood before him, taller by the head than any in the hall; he stood, and stroked his beard, and drew down his coat, no more dismayed for the king’s threats than if one had brought him a drink of wine.
Who acts: knight · What happens: stand, stroke, draw down, not dismay, bring · To what, where: hall, beard, coat, one
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 stood | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 knight | det |
| 3 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 stood | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 taller | punct |
| 8 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 stood | conj |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 head | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 head | det |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 taller | obl |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 13 any | case |
| 13 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 taller | obl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 hall | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hall | det |
| 16 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 stood | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 stood | nsubj |
| 19 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stroked | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stroked | cc |
| 22 | stroked | stroke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 stood | conj |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 beard | nmod:poss |
| 24 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stroked | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 drew | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 drew | cc |
| 27 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 stood | parataxis |
| 28 | down | down | ADP | _ | 27 drew | compound:prt |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 coat | nmod:poss |
| 30 | coat | coat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 drew | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 dismayed | punct |
| 32 | no | no | ADV | _ | 34 dismayed | advmod |
| 33 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 34 dismayed | advmod |
| 34 | dismayed | dismay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 drew | conj |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 threats | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 king | det |
| 37 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 threats | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 37 king | case |
| 39 | threats | threat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 dismayed | obl |
| 40 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 44 brought | mark |
| 41 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 44 brought | mark |
| 42 | one | one | PRON | PronType=Ind | 44 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 brought | aux |
| 44 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 dismayed | advcl |
| 45 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 brought | obj |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 drink | det |
| 47 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 brought | obj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 wine | case |
| 49 | wine | wine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 drink | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the knight | the hall | before Arthur | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location | |||
| 2 | stand | past | Knight | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | stroke | past | Knight not said here | Arthur's beard | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | draw down | past | Arthur's coat | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not dismay | participle | for the king's threats | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | bring a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect · passive | one | Knight obj; a drink of wine obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/57/