Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 78
“That is enough in the New Year, it needs no more,” quoth the Green Knight to the gallant Gawain, “if I tell thee truly when I have taken the blow, and thou hast smitten me; then will I teach thee of my house and home, and mine own name, then mayest thou ask thy road and keep covenant.
Who acts: That, name, I, mine, thou · What happens: be, need, quoth, tell, take, smite · To what, where: Green Knight, thee, blow, thou, road, covenant · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, name, I, mine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 enough | punct |
| 2 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 enough | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 enough | cop |
| 4 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Year | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Year | det |
| 7 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Year | compound |
| 8 | Year | Year | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 enough | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 needs | punct |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 needs | nsubj |
| 11 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 enough | parataxis |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 quoth | det |
| 13 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 quoth | advcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 more | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 more | punct |
| 16 | quoth | quoth | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 11 needs | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Knight | det |
| 18 | Green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 Knight | amod |
| 19 | Knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 quoth | obj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Gawain | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Gawain | det |
| 22 | gallant | gallant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Gawain | amod |
| 23 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Knight | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 tell | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 tell | punct |
| 26 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 28 tell | mark |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 tell | nsubj |
| 28 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 quoth | conj |
| 29 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 28 tell | iobj |
| 30 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 28 tell | advmod |
| 31 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 taken | advmod |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 taken | nsubj |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 taken | aux |
| 34 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 tell | advcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 blow | det |
| 36 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 taken | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 smitten | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 smitten | cc |
| 39 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 41 smitten | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 smitten | aux |
| 41 | smitten | smite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 tell | ccomp |
| 42 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 smitten | obj |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 teach | punct |
| 44 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 47 teach | advmod |
| 45 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 teach | aux |
| 46 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 teach | nsubj |
| 47 | teach | teach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 enough | parataxis |
| 48 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 47 teach | obj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 house | case |
| 50 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 house | nmod:poss |
| 51 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 teach | obl |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 home | cc |
| 53 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 house | conj |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 name | punct |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 name | cc |
| 56 | mine | my | PRON | Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 name | nsubj |
| 57 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 name | amod |
| 58 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 teach | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 ask | punct |
| 60 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 63 ask | advmod |
| 61 | mayest | may | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 63 ask | aux |
| 62 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 63 ask | nsubj |
| 63 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 teach | parataxis |
| 64 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 65 road | nmod:poss |
| 65 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 ask | obj |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 keep | cc |
| 67 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 63 ask | conj |
| 68 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 keep | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 enough | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | That | in the New Year | enough property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | need in a quote | present | name | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 3 | quoth | present | name not said here | the Green Knight | to the gallant Gawain | tree rules | |||
| 4 | tell speech: assert a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | I | thee | truly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 5 | take in a quote | present · perfect | I | the blow | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Theme | ||||
| 6 | smite in a quote | present · perfect · passive | thou | me obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer i=Result | ||||
| 7 | teach speech: other in a quote | future | I | thee | then | of my house and home | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient | ||
| 8 | name in a quote | mine | tree rules | ||||||
| 9 | ask speech: ask in a quote | may | thou | thy road | then | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent road=Recipient | |||
| 10 | keep in a quote | infinitive | thou not said here | covenant | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/78/