Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 91
For he held up the head in his hand, and turned the face towards them that sat on the high daïs, and it lifted up the eye-lids and looked upon them, and spake as ye shall hear.
Who acts: Knight, that, head, ye · What happens: hold up, turn, sit, lift up, look, hear · To what, where: head, hand, face, high daïs, eye lids
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knight, that, head, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 3 held | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 held | nsubj |
| 3 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | advcl |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 held | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 head | det |
| 6 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 held | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 hand | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 hand | nmod:poss |
| 9 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 head | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 turned | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 turned | cc |
| 12 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 face | det |
| 14 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 turned | obj |
| 15 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 turned | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 sat | nsubj |
| 18 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | parataxis |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 daïs | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 daïs | det |
| 21 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 daïs | amod |
| 22 | daïs | daï | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 sat | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 lifted | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 lifted | cc |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 lifted | nsubj |
| 26 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 sat | conj |
| 27 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 lifted | compound:prt |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 lids | det |
| 29 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lids | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 eye | punct |
| 31 | lids | lid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 lifted | obj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 looked | cc |
| 33 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 lifted | conj |
| 34 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 looked | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 spake | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 spake | cc |
| 38 | spake | speak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sat | parataxis |
| 39 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 42 hear | mark |
| 40 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 42 hear | nsubj |
| 41 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 hear | aux |
| 42 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 spake | advcl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | past | Knight | the head | Knight's hand | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot head=Theme | |||
| 2 | turn | past | the face | towards blood | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent face=Theme towards they=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | sit | past | that | the high daïs | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on daï=Location | ||||
| 4 | lift up | past | head | the eye lids | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Theme | ||||
| 5 | look | past | head not said here | upon blood | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon they=Theme | ||||
| 6 | hear | shall | ye | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/91/