Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 2
Whither he went none knew, no more than they wist whence he had come; and the king and Gawain they gazed and laughed, for in sooth this had proved a greater marvel than any they had known aforetime.
Who acts: horse, none, sparks, king, sooth · What happens: go, know, wist, come, gaze, laugh · To what, where: more, sooth, this, greater marvel
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, none, sparks, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 knew | advcl |
| 4 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 more | punct |
| 7 | no | no | ADV | _ | 8 more | advmod |
| 8 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 knew | obj |
| 9 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 11 wist | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 wist | nsubj |
| 11 | wist | wist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 more | advcl |
| 12 | whence | whence | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 come | advmod |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 come | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 come | aux |
| 15 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 wist | advcl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 gazed | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 gazed | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 king | det |
| 19 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gazed | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 Gawain | cc |
| 21 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 king | conj |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 gazed | nsubj |
| 23 | gazed | gaze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 knew | parataxis |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 laughed | cc |
| 25 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 gazed | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sooth | punct |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 sooth | case |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 sooth | case |
| 29 | sooth | sooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 laughed | obj |
| 30 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 proved | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 proved | aux |
| 32 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 sooth | acl:relcl |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 marvel | det |
| 34 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 marvel | amod |
| 35 | marvel | marvel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 known | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | than | than | ADP | _ | 37 any | case |
| 37 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 marvel | nmod |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 known | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 known | aux |
| 40 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 proved | ccomp |
| 41 | aforetime | aforetime | ADV | _ | 40 known | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | horse | whither property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | past | none | more | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | wist | present | sparks = spark | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | come | past · perfect | horse | whence property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | gaze | past | the king and Gawain | sparks = spark nsubj | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | laugh | past | the king and Gawain not said here | sooth | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sooth=Theme | ||||
| 7 | prove | past · perfect · passive | sooth not said here | this | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 8 | know | past · perfect · passive | a greater marvel than any | sparks = spark nsubj:pass; aforetime property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/2/