Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 25
Courteous knights and comely ladies, all were in sorrow for the love of that knight, and though they spake no word of it many were joyless for his sake.
Who acts: Courteous knights, knights · What happens: be, speak, love, word · To what, where: sorrow, word, knight, love · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Courteous knights, knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Courteous | courteous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 knights | amod |
| 2 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 joyless | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 ladies | cc |
| 4 | comely | comely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ladies | amod |
| 5 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 knights | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sorrow | punct |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 sorrow | det |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 sorrow | cop |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 sorrow | case |
| 10 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knights | conj |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 love | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 love | det |
| 13 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sorrow | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 knight | case |
| 15 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 knight | det |
| 16 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 love | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 joyless | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 joyless | cc |
| 19 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 21 spake | mark |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 spake | nsubj |
| 21 | spake | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 many | advcl |
| 22 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 23 word | det |
| 23 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spake | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 it | case |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 word | nmod |
| 26 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 joyless | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 joyless | cop |
| 28 | joyless | joyless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 sake | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 sake | nmod:poss |
| 31 | sake | sake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 joyless | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 joyless | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Courteous knights and comely ladies and all sorrow not said here | all sorrow | for the love of that knight | tree rules | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | present | knights = knight | no word of love | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Courteous knights and comely ladies and all sorrow | for Sir's sake; joyless property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | love | that knight | nom love «feeling transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | word | love | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/25/