Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 5
Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, “Now, fair nephew, hang up thine axe, since it has hewn enough,” and they hung it on the dossal above the daïs, where all men might look on it for a marvel, and by its true token tell of the wonder.
Who acts: marvel, king, men · What happens: look, say, hang up, hewn, hang · To what, where: axe, dossal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marvel, king, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 looked | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 Sir | case |
| 5 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | obl |
| 6 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Sir | flat |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | conj |
| 10 | gaily | gaily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 said | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 nephew | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 nephew | punct |
| 13 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 nephew | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 nephew | punct |
| 15 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 nephew | amod |
| 16 | nephew | nephew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 hang | punct |
| 18 | hang | hang | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 16 nephew | parataxis |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 hang | compound:prt |
| 20 | thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 axe | nmod:poss |
| 21 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 hang | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 hewn | punct |
| 23 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 26 hewn | mark |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 hewn | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 hewn | aux |
| 26 | hewn | hewn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 hang | advcl |
| 27 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 26 hewn | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 hewn | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 nephew | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 hung | cc |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hung | nsubj |
| 32 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | conj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hung | obj |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 dossal | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 dossal | det |
| 36 | dossal | dossal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hung | obl |
| 37 | above | above | ADP | _ | 39 daïs | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 daïs | det |
| 39 | daïs | daï | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 dossal | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 look | punct |
| 41 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 45 look | advmod |
| 42 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 men | det |
| 43 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 look | nsubj |
| 44 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 look | aux |
| 45 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 daïs | parataxis |
| 46 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 it | case |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 look | obl |
| 48 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 marvel | case |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 marvel | det |
| 50 | marvel | marvel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 look | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 tell | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 tell | cc |
| 53 | by | by | ADP | _ | 57 tell | case |
| 54 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 57 tell | nmod:poss |
| 55 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 tell | amod |
| 56 | token | token | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 tell | amod |
| 57 | tell | tell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hung | obl |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 60 wonder | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 wonder | det |
| 60 | wonder | wonder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 tell | nmod |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | marvel | then | on Sir | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on sir=Theme | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | marvel not said here | fair nephew ccomp; gaily property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hang up in a quote | infinitive | thine axe | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Patient | |||||
| 4 | hewn in a quote | present · perfect · passive | axe | enough property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | hang | past | king | axe | the dossal above the daïs | by axe's true token tell of the wonder | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on dossal=Destination | ||
| 6 | look | might | all men | axe | for a marvel | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent on it=Location for marvel=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/5/