Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 84
More nights than enough he slept in his harness on the bare rocks, near slain with the sleet, while the stream leapt bubbling from the crest of the hills, and hung in hard icicles over his head.
Who acts: More nights, stream · What happens: sleep, leapt, bubble, hang · To what, where: harness, crest, hard icicles
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (More nights, stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | More | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 nights | amod |
| 2 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 slept | nsubj |
| 3 | than | than | ADP | _ | 4 enough | case |
| 4 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 6 slept | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 slept | nsubj |
| 6 | slept | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 harness | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 harness | nmod:poss |
| 9 | harness | harness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 slept | obl |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 rocks | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 rocks | det |
| 12 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rocks | amod |
| 13 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 slept | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 slain | punct |
| 15 | near | near | ADP | _ | 16 slain | case |
| 16 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rocks | appos |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 sleet | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 sleet | det |
| 19 | sleet | sleet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 slain | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 leapt | punct |
| 21 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 24 leapt | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 stream | det |
| 23 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 leapt | nsubj |
| 24 | leapt | leapt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 slept | parataxis |
| 25 | bubbling | bubble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 leapt | xcomp |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 crest | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 crest | det |
| 28 | crest | crest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bubbling | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 hills | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hills | det |
| 31 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 crest | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 hung | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 hung | cc |
| 34 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 leapt | parataxis |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 icicles | case |
| 36 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 icicles | amod |
| 37 | icicles | icicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 hung | obl |
| 38 | over | over | ADP | _ | 40 head | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 head | nmod:poss |
| 40 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hung | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 slept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | past | More nights | Sir's harness | on the bare rocks; Sir nsubj | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in harness=Location | |||
| 2 | leapt | present | the stream | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | bubble | gerund | the stream not said here | the crest of the hills | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from crest=Source | ||||
| 4 | hang | participle | hard icicles | over Sir's head | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in icicle=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/84/