Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 16
When he raised his helmet there were many to take it from his hand, fain to serve him, and they took from him sword and shield.
Who acts: guest, many, men · What happens: raise, be, take, serve · To what, where: helmet, hand, guest, sword
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guest, many, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 raised | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 raised | nsubj |
| 3 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 helmet | nmod:poss |
| 5 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 raised | obj |
| 6 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 7 were | expl |
| 7 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 raised | conj |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 were | nsubj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 take | mark |
| 10 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 many | advcl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 take | obj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 hand | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 hand | nmod:poss |
| 14 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 take | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 fain | punct |
| 16 | fain | fain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hand | amod |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 serve | mark |
| 18 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 fain | advcl |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 serve | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 took | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 took | cc |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 took | nsubj |
| 23 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 raised | conj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 him | case |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 took | obl |
| 26 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 took | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 shield | cc |
| 28 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sword | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | past | guest | guest's helmet | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | past | many | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | take | to-infinitive | many not said here | helmet | guest's hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme from hand=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | serve | to-infinitive | many not said here | guest | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | take | past | men = man | sword and shield | from guest | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent sword=Theme from he=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/4/16/