Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 42
When men shall sit and sing, blithe for Christ’s birth, this knight shall bring us to the knowledge of fair manners, and it may be that hearing him we may learn the cunning speech of love.”
Who acts: men, knight, knowledge, we · What happens: sit, sing, bring, be, learn, speak · To what, where: us, knowledge, cunning speech, love · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, knight, knowledge, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 sit | advmod |
| 2 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sit | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 sit | aux |
| 4 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 sing | cc |
| 6 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sit | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 blithe | punct |
| 8 | blithe | blithe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 sit | conj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 birth | case |
| 10 | Christ | Christ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 birth | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 Christ | case |
| 12 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 blithe | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 bring | punct |
| 14 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 knight | det |
| 15 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 bring | nsubj |
| 16 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 bring | aux |
| 17 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sit | conj |
| 18 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 bring | obj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 knowledge | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 knowledge | det |
| 21 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 bring | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 manners | case |
| 23 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 manners | amod |
| 24 | manners | manners | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 21 knowledge | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hearing | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hearing | cc |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 hearing | nsubj |
| 28 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hearing | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 hearing | cop |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 hearing | mark |
| 31 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 learn | csubj |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 hearing | obj |
| 33 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 learn | nsubj |
| 34 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 learn | aux |
| 35 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sit | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 speech | det |
| 37 | cunning | cunning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 speech | compound |
| 38 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 learn | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 love | case |
| 40 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 speech | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sit | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 sit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | shall | men | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | infinitive | men not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | bring | shall | this knight | us | the knowledge of fair manners | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme to knowledge=Destination | |||
| 4 | is | may | knowledge | knight obj; hear property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | learn | may | we | the cunning speech of love | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Topic | ||||
| 6 | speak | love | nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/4/42/