Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 91
The lord, for gladness, made merry jest, even as one who wist not what to do for joy; and he cried aloud to the knight, “Ye have promised to do the thing I bid ye: will ye hold to this behest, here, at once?”
Who acts: lord, ye · What happens: make, not wist, do, cry, promise, bid · To what, where: merry jest, knight, Ye, thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 lord | det |
| 2 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cried | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 gladness | punct |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 gladness | case |
| 5 | gladness | gladness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lord | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 made | punct |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 lord | acl |
| 8 | merry | merry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 jest | amod |
| 9 | jest | jest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 one | punct |
| 11 | even | even | ADV | _ | 13 one | advmod |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 one | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 jest | appos |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 wist | nsubj |
| 15 | wist | wist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 one | acl:relcl |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 wist | advmod |
| 17 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 19 do | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 do | mark |
| 19 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 wist | ccomp |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 joy | case |
| 21 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 do | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 cried | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 cried | cc |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 cried | nsubj |
| 25 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 26 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 25 cried | advmod |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 knight | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 knight | det |
| 29 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cried | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 promised | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 promised | punct |
| 32 | Ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 34 promised | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 promised | aux |
| 34 | promised | promise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 cried | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 do | mark |
| 36 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 promised | xcomp |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 thing | det |
| 38 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 do | obj |
| 39 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 40 bid | nsubj |
| 40 | bid | bid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 thing | acl:relcl |
| 41 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 40 bid | obj |
| 42 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 45 hold | punct |
| 43 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 hold | aux |
| 44 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 45 hold | nsubj |
| 45 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 cried | parataxis |
| 46 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 behest | case |
| 47 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 48 behest | det |
| 48 | behest | behest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 hold | obl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 here | punct |
| 50 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 45 hold | advmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 once | punct |
| 52 | at | at | ADP | _ | 53 once | case |
| 53 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 45 hold | advmod |
| 54 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 45 hold | punct |
| 55 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | participle | the lord and gladness not said here | merry jest | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jest=Product | ||||
| 2 | not wist | present | who nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | do | to-infinitive | for joy; what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | cry speech: express | past | the lord and gladness | the knight | aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to knight=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 5 | promise speech: promise in a quote | present · perfect · passive | Ye | vn promise-37.13 «NP V NP that S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | do not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | the thing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | bid in a quote | past | the lord and gladness = lord | ye | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | hold in a quote | future | ye | here | to this behest; once property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/4/91/