Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 5, sentence 66
And the lady spake: “So true a knight as Gawain is holden, and one so perfect in courtesy, would never have tarried so long with a lady but he would of his courtesy have craved a kiss at parting.”
Who acts: knight · What happens: be, not tarry, crave · To what, where: kiss, parting, lady spake
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 spake | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 spake | det |
| 3 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spake | compound |
| 4 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 true | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 true | punct |
| 7 | So | so | ADV | _ | 8 true | advmod |
| 8 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 spake | parataxis |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 knight | det |
| 10 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 holden | nsubj |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 Gawain | case |
| 12 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 knight | nmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 holden | cop |
| 14 | holden | holden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 true | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 perfect | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 perfect | cc |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 perfect | nsubj |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 perfect | advmod |
| 19 | perfect | perfect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 true | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 courtesy | case |
| 21 | courtesy | courtesy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 perfect | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 tarried | punct |
| 23 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 tarried | aux |
| 24 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 26 tarried | advmod |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 tarried | aux |
| 26 | tarried | tarry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 39 craved | advcl |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 long | advmod |
| 28 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 tarried | advmod |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 lady | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 lady | det |
| 31 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tarried | obl |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 would | cc |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 would | nsubj |
| 34 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 craved | aux |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 courtesy | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 courtesy | nmod:poss |
| 37 | courtesy | courtesy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 would | obl |
| 38 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 craved | aux |
| 39 | craved | crave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 true | conj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 kiss | det |
| 41 | kiss | kiss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 craved | obj |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 parting | case |
| 43 | parting | parting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 kiss | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 spake | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 spake | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | a knight as Gawain | holden property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not tarry in a quote | would · perfect | with a lady; long property | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | crave in a quote | would · perfect | a kiss | parting | vn want-32.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kiss=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/5/66/