Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 5, sentence 9
With burning torches, and many a serving man, was each led to his couch; yet ere they gat them to bed the old lord oft repeated their covenant, for he knew well how to make sport.
Who acts: many, torches, old lord, lord, talk · What happens: serve, man, be, gat, repeat, know · To what, where: burning torches, led, talk, covenant, sport · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many, torches, old lord, lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 3 torches | case |
| 2 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 torches | compound |
| 3 | torches | torch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 led | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 man | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 man | cc |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 man | nsubj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 man | det |
| 8 | serving | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 man | amod |
| 9 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 torches | acl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 torches | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 led | cop |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 led | det |
| 13 | led | led | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 couch | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 couch | nmod:poss |
| 16 | couch | couch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 led | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 gat | punct |
| 18 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 19 ere | advmod |
| 19 | ere | ere | ADV | _ | 21 gat | advmod |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 gat | nsubj |
| 21 | gat | gat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 led | parataxis |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 gat | obj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 bed | case |
| 24 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 gat | obl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 lord | det |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 lord | amod |
| 27 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 gat | obj |
| 28 | oft | oft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 lord | amod |
| 29 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 lord | acl |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 covenant | nmod:poss |
| 31 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 repeated | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 knew | punct |
| 33 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 35 knew | mark |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 knew | nsubj |
| 35 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 gat | parataxis |
| 36 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 knew | advmod |
| 37 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 make | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 make | mark |
| 39 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 knew | ccomp |
| 40 | sport | sport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 make | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | serve | gerund | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | man | many | burning torches not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | each led | with burning torches; to man's couch | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | gat | present | torches = torch | talk | yet | to bed; the old lord obj; ere property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | repeat | participle | the old lord not said here | talk's covenant | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | know | past | lord | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | make | to-infinitive | sport | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sport=Product | |||||
| 8 | covenant | talk | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/5/9/