Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 27
The huntsmen stood aloof, fearing to draw nigh him; so many of them had been already wounded that they were loth to be torn with his tusks, so fierce he was and mad with rage.
Who acts: huntsmen, many, lord · What happens: stand, fear, draw, be, tear · To what, where: lord
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huntsmen, many, lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 huntsmen | det |
| 2 | huntsmen | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | aloof | aloof | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stood | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 fearing | punct |
| 6 | fearing | fear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 stood | advcl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 draw | mark |
| 8 | draw | draw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 fearing | xcomp |
| 9 | nigh | nigh | ADV | _ | 8 draw | advmod |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 draw | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 wounded | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 many | advmod |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 wounded | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 many | nmod |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 wounded | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 wounded | cop |
| 18 | already | already | ADV | _ | 19 wounded | advmod |
| 19 | wounded | wound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 stood | conj |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 loth | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 loth | nsubj |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 loth | cop |
| 23 | loth | loth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 wounded | xcomp |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 torn | mark |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 torn | aux:pass |
| 26 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 loth | advcl |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 tusks | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 tusks | nmod:poss |
| 29 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 torn | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fierce | punct |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 fierce | advmod |
| 32 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stood | parataxis |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 mad | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 mad | cop |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 mad | cc |
| 36 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 fierce | acl:relcl |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 rage | case |
| 38 | rage | rage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 mad | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the huntsmen | aloof property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | fear | gerund | the huntsmen not said here | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | draw | to-infinitive | the huntsmen not said here | lord | nigh property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | past · perfect | many of huntsmen | wound property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | huntsmen = huntsman | loth property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | tear | to-infinitive · passive | huntsmen = huntsman not said here | with lord's tusks | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: with tusk=Instrument | ||||
| 7 | is | past | lord | with rage; mad property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/27/