Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 31
Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one atop of the other in the water; but the boar had the worst of it, for the man had marked, even as he sprang, and set the point of his brand to the beast’s chest, and drove it up to the hilt, so that the heart was split in twain, and the boar fell snarling, and was swept down by the water to where a hundred hounds seized on him, and the men drew him to shore for the dogs to slay.
Who acts: boar, beast, man, water, men, dogs · What happens: leapt, be, have, mark, spring, set · To what, where: one atop, worst, man, point, beast, hilt
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boar, beast, man, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 leapt | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 boar | det |
| 3 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leapt | nsubj |
| 4 | leapt | leapt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 knight | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 knight | det |
| 7 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leapt | obl |
| 8 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 15 atop | mark |
| 9 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 beast | det |
| 10 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 atop | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 man | cc |
| 12 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 beast | conj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 atop | cop |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 atop | nummod |
| 15 | atop | atop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leapt | advcl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 other | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 other | det |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 atop | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 water | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 water | det |
| 21 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 other | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 had | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 boar | det |
| 25 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 leapt | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 worst | det |
| 28 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 26 had | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 it | case |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 worst | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 marked | punct |
| 32 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 36 marked | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 man | det |
| 34 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 marked | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 marked | aux |
| 36 | marked | mark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 had | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 sprang | punct |
| 38 | even | even | ADV | _ | 41 sprang | advmod |
| 39 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 sprang | mark |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 sprang | nsubj |
| 41 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 marked | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 set | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 set | cc |
| 44 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 sprang | advcl |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 point | det |
| 46 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 set | obj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 brand | case |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 brand | nmod:poss |
| 49 | brand | brand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 point | nmod |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 54 chest | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 beast | det |
| 52 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 chest | nmod:poss |
| 53 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 52 beast | case |
| 54 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 set | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 drove | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 drove | cc |
| 57 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 leapt | conj |
| 58 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 drove | obj |
| 59 | up | up | ADP | _ | 57 drove | compound:prt |
| 60 | to | to | ADP | _ | 62 hilt | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 hilt | det |
| 62 | hilt | hilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 drove | obl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 split | punct |
| 64 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 69 split | mark |
| 65 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 64 so | fixed |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 heart | det |
| 67 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 split | nsubj:pass |
| 68 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 split | aux:pass |
| 69 | split | split | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 57 drove | parataxis |
| 70 | in | in | ADP | _ | 71 twain | case |
| 71 | twain | twain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 split | obl |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 fell | punct |
| 73 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 76 fell | cc |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 boar | det |
| 75 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 fell | nsubj |
| 76 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 leapt | parataxis |
| 77 | snarling | snarl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 76 fell | xcomp |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 swept | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 81 swept | cc |
| 80 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 swept | aux:pass |
| 81 | swept | sweep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 76 fell | conj |
| 82 | down | down | ADP | _ | 81 swept | compound:prt |
| 83 | by | by | ADP | _ | 85 water | case |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 water | det |
| 85 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 swept | obl |
| 86 | to | to | ADP | _ | 87 where | case |
| 87 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 81 swept | obl |
| 88 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 89 hundred | det |
| 89 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 90 hounds | nummod |
| 90 | hounds | hound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 where | nsubj |
| 91 | seized | seize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 90 hounds | acl |
| 92 | on | on | ADP | _ | 93 him | case |
| 93 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 91 seized | obl |
| 94 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 drew | punct |
| 95 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 drew | cc |
| 96 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 men | det |
| 97 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 98 drew | nsubj |
| 98 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 leapt | parataxis |
| 99 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 98 drew | obj |
| 100 | to | to | PART | _ | 101 shore | mark |
| 101 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 98 drew | obl |
| 102 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 106 slay | mark |
| 103 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 104 dogs | det |
| 104 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 106 slay | nsubj |
| 105 | to | to | PART | _ | 106 slay | mark |
| 106 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 101 shore | acl |
| 107 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 leapt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leapt | past | the boar | then | upon the knight | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | past | that beast and man | one atop | of the other in the water | tree rules | |||
| 3 | have | past | the boar | the worst of beast | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bad=Patient | ||||
| 4 | mark | past · perfect · passive | the man | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | spring | past | man | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | set | infinitive | man not said here | the point of man's brand | to the beast's chest | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient point=Result | |||
| 7 | drive up | past | the boar not said here | beast | the hilt | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme to hilt=Trajectory | |||
| 8 | split | past · passive | the heart | twain | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 9 | fall | past | the boar | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 10 | snarl | gerund | the boar not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 11 | sweep down | past · passive | the water | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to where=Destination | |||||
| 12 | seize | participle | hundred hounds not said here | on man | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 13 | draw | past | the men | boar | shore obl | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 14 | slay | to-infinitive | the dogs | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 15 | point | man's brand | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 16 | brand | man | nom brand «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/31/