Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 58
The fox ran before them, and when they saw him they pursued him with noise and much shouting, and he wound and turned through many a thick grove, often cowering and hearkening in a hedge.
Who acts: fox, huntsmen · What happens: run, see, pursue, woun, turn, cower · To what, where: fox, thick grove, hedge
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fox, huntsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fox | det |
| 2 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | before | before | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ran | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 pursued | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 pursued | cc |
| 8 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 saw | advmod |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 pursued | advcl |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 saw | obj |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 pursued | nsubj |
| 13 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 pursued | obj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 noise | case |
| 16 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pursued | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 shouting | cc |
| 18 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 shouting | amod |
| 19 | shouting | shouting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 noise | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 wound | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 wound | cc |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 wound | nsubj |
| 23 | wound | woun | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | parataxis |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 turned | cc |
| 25 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 wound | conj |
| 26 | through | through | ADP | _ | 30 grove | case |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 grove | nsubj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 grove | det |
| 29 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 grove | amod |
| 30 | grove | grove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 turned | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cowering | punct |
| 32 | often | often | ADV | _ | 33 cowering | advmod |
| 33 | cowering | cower | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 turned | advcl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 hearkening | cc |
| 35 | hearkening | hearken | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 cowering | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 hedge | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 hedge | det |
| 38 | hedge | hedge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 hearkening | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | the fox | before huntsmen = huntsman | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before they=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | see | past | huntsmen = huntsman | fox | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | pursue | past | huntsmen = huntsman | fox | with noise and much shouting | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 4 | woun | past | fox | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | turn | past | fox not said here | a thick grove | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme through grove=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | cower | gerund | fox not said here | often property | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | hearken | gerund | fox not said here | a hedge | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/58/