Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 72
They exchanged fair words, and much happiness was therein, yet was there a gulf between them, and she might win no more of her knight, for that gallant prince watched well his words—he would neither take her love, nor frankly refuse it.
Who acts: features, much happiness, gulf, lady, gallant prince, prince · What happens: exchange, be, win, watch, take, refuse · To what, where: fair words, more, words, love
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (features, much happiness, gulf, lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 exchanged | nsubj |
| 2 | exchanged | exchange | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 words | amod |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 exchanged | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 therein | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 therein | cc |
| 7 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 happiness | amod |
| 8 | happiness | happiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 therein | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 therein | cop |
| 10 | therein | therein | ADV | _ | 2 exchanged | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 there | punct |
| 12 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 14 there | cc |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 there | cop |
| 14 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 exchanged | parataxis |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 gulf | det |
| 16 | gulf | gulf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 there | nsubj |
| 17 | between | between | ADP | _ | 18 them | case |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 gulf | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 win | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 win | cc |
| 21 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 win | nsubj |
| 22 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 win | aux |
| 23 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 exchanged | parataxis |
| 24 | no | no | ADV | _ | 25 more | advmod |
| 25 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 win | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 knight | case |
| 27 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 knight | nmod:poss |
| 28 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 more | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 watched | punct |
| 30 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 34 watched | mark |
| 31 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 prince | det |
| 32 | gallant | gallant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 prince | amod |
| 33 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 watched | nsubj |
| 34 | watched | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 win | parataxis |
| 35 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 34 watched | advmod |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 words | nmod:poss |
| 37 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 watched | obj |
| 38 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 take | punct |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 take | nsubj |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 take | aux |
| 41 | neither | neither | ADV | _ | 42 take | advmod |
| 42 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 watched | conj |
| 43 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 love | nmod:poss |
| 44 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 take | obj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 refuse | punct |
| 46 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 48 refuse | cc |
| 47 | frankly | frankly | ADV | _ | 48 refuse | advmod |
| 48 | refuse | refuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 take | conj |
| 49 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 refuse | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 exchanged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exchange | past | features = feature | fair words | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | much happiness | therein property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | a gulf between features | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | win | might | lady | more of lady's knight | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | watch | past | that gallant prince | knight's words | well property | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | |||
| 6 | take | would | prince | lady's love | neither property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Theme | |||
| 7 | refuse | infinitive | prince not said here | love | frankly property | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 8 | word | knight | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | love | lady | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/72/