Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 76
Then spake the lady to the knight, “Ye deserve blame if ye hold not that lady who sits beside ye above all else in the world, if ye have not already a love whom ye hold dearer, and like better, and have sworn such firm faith to that lady that ye care not to loose it—as I scarce may believe.
Who acts: you, Ye, lady, I · What happens: speak, deserve, not hold, sit, have, hold · To what, where: lady, blame, ye, love, such firm faith, faith · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Ye, lady, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 spake | advmod |
| 2 | spake | speak | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lady | det |
| 4 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 spake | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 knight | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 knight | det |
| 7 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 spake | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 deserve | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 deserve | punct |
| 10 | Ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 11 deserve | nsubj |
| 11 | deserve | deserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 spake | parataxis |
| 12 | blame | blame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 deserve | obj |
| 13 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 15 hold | mark |
| 14 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 15 hold | nsubj |
| 15 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 deserve | advcl |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 hold | advmod |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 lady | mark |
| 18 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hold | obj |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 sits | nsubj |
| 20 | sits | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 lady | acl:relcl |
| 21 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 22 ye | case |
| 22 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 20 sits | obl |
| 23 | above | above | ADP | _ | 24 all | case |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 sits | obl |
| 25 | else | else | ADV | _ | 24 all | advmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 world | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 world | det |
| 28 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 all | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 30 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 32 have | mark |
| 31 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 32 have | nsubj |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 hold | conj |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 love | advmod |
| 34 | already | already | ADV | _ | 36 love | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 love | det |
| 36 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 have | vocative |
| 37 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 hold | obj |
| 38 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 hold | nsubj |
| 39 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 love | acl:relcl |
| 40 | dearer | dear | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 hold | xcomp |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 better | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 better | cc |
| 43 | like | like | ADP | _ | 44 better | case |
| 44 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 deserve | parataxis |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 sworn | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 sworn | cc |
| 47 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 sworn | aux |
| 48 | sworn | swear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 better | conj |
| 49 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 faith | amod |
| 50 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 faith | amod |
| 51 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 sworn | obj |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 54 lady | case |
| 53 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 54 lady | det |
| 54 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 sworn | obl |
| 55 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 57 care | obj |
| 56 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 57 care | nsubj |
| 57 | care | care | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 lady | acl:relcl |
| 58 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 60 loose | advmod |
| 59 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 loose | mark |
| 60 | loose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 sworn | ccomp |
| 61 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 loose | obj |
| 62 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 65 scarce | punct |
| 63 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 65 scarce | mark |
| 64 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 65 scarce | nsubj |
| 65 | scarce | scarce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 60 loose | conj |
| 66 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 67 believe | aux |
| 67 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 65 scarce | xcomp |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spake | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | imperative | you not said here | the lady | then | to the knight | tree rules | ||
| 2 | deserve in a quote | present | Ye | blame | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not hold a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | ye | lady | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lady=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sit in a quote | present | lady | ye | above all in the world | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside ye=Location | |||
| 5 | have a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | ye | a love vocative | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | hold in a quote | present | ye | a love | dear property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme | |||
| 7 | swear in a quote | present · perfect | Ye not said here | such firm faith | to that lady | tree rules | |||
| 8 | care in a quote | present | ye | that lady | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | not lose in a quote | to-infinitive | Ye not said here | faith | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | ||||
| 10 | scarce in a quote | present | I | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | believe in a quote | may | I not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/76/