Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 79
“That is the worst word I may hear,” quoth the lady, “but in sooth I have mine answer; kiss me now courteously, and I will go hence; I can but mourn as a maiden that loves much.”
Who acts: That, knight, worst word, maiden · What happens: be, hear, quoth, have, answer, kiss · To what, where: worst word, lady, knight, sooth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, knight, worst word, maiden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 word | punct |
| 2 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 word | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 word | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 5 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 word | amod |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 quoth | nsubj |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 hear | nsubj |
| 8 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 hear | aux |
| 9 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 word | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 word | punct |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 word | punct |
| 12 | quoth | quoth | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 lady | det |
| 14 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 quoth | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 kiss | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 kiss | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 have | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 sooth | case |
| 19 | sooth | sooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 have | obl |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 have | nsubj |
| 21 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 kiss | advcl |
| 22 | mine | my | PRON | Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 have | obj |
| 23 | answer | answer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 have | xcomp |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 have | punct |
| 25 | kiss | kiss | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 quoth | conj |
| 26 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 kiss | obj |
| 27 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 kiss | advmod |
| 28 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 25 kiss | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 go | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 go | cc |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 go | nsubj |
| 32 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 go | aux |
| 33 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 quoth | parataxis |
| 34 | hence | hence | ADV | _ | 33 go | advmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 mourn | punct |
| 36 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 39 mourn | nsubj |
| 37 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 mourn | aux |
| 38 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 mourn | cc |
| 39 | mourn | mourn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 quoth | parataxis |
| 40 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 maiden | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 maiden | det |
| 42 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 mourn | obl |
| 43 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 loves | nsubj |
| 44 | loves | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 maiden | acl:relcl |
| 45 | much | much | ADV | _ | 44 loves | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 39 mourn | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 mourn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | That | the worst word | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hear in a quote | may | the knight = knight | the worst word not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | quoth | present | the worst word | the lady | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | have in a quote | present | the knight = knight | the knight = knight | sooth | tree rules | |||
| 5 | answer speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | the knight = knight not said here | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | kiss in a quote | infinitive | the worst word not said here | the knight = knight | now | courteously property | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Co-Agent | ||
| 7 | go in a quote | future | the knight = knight | hence property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | mourn in a quote | can | the knight = knight | as a maiden | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | love in a quote | present | a maiden | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/79/