Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 10
And afterwards Sir Gawain made him merry with the ladies, with carols, and all kinds of joy, as never he did but that one day, even to nightfall; and all the men marvelled at him, and said that never since he came thither had he been so merry.
Who acts: Sir, men · What happens: make, not do, marvell, say, not come, have · To what, where: Doomsday · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 made | cc |
| 2 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 5 made | advmod |
| 3 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 made | nsubj |
| 4 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Sir | flat |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 made | obj |
| 7 | merry | merry | ADV | _ | 5 made | advmod |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 ladies | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ladies | det |
| 10 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 carols | punct |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 carols | case |
| 13 | carols | carol | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ladies | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 kinds | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 kinds | cc |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 kinds | det |
| 17 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 joy | case |
| 19 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 kinds | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 did | punct |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 did | mark |
| 22 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 24 did | advmod |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 did | nsubj |
| 24 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | conj |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 that | cc |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 did | obj |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 day | nummod |
| 28 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 that | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 nightfall | punct |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 nightfall | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 nightfall | case |
| 32 | nightfall | nightfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 day | conj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 marvelled | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 marvelled | cc |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 men | det:predet |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 men | det |
| 37 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 marvelled | nsubj |
| 38 | marvelled | marvell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | parataxis |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 him | case |
| 40 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 marvelled | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 said | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 said | cc |
| 43 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 marvelled | conj |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 48 came | mark |
| 45 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 48 came | advmod |
| 46 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 48 came | mark |
| 47 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 came | nsubj |
| 48 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 said | ccomp |
| 49 | thither | thither | ADV | _ | 50 had | advmod |
| 50 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 came | advcl |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 merry | nsubj |
| 52 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 54 merry | cop |
| 53 | so | so | ADV | _ | 54 merry | advmod |
| 54 | merry | merry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 had | ccomp |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Sir | Doomsday | with the ladies and carols; all kinds of joy obl; afterwards, merry property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product | |||
| 2 | not do | past | Sir | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | marvell | past | all men | at Sir | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | all men not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not come | past | Sir | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | have | past | Sir not said here | thither property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | is | participle | Sir | merry property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/10/