Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 12
Meanwhile the lord of the castle was abroad chasing the fox; awhile he lost him, and as he rode through a spinney he heard the hounds near at hand, and Reynard came creeping through a thick grove, with all the pack at his heels.
Who acts: lord, Reynard · What happens: chase, lose, ride, hear, come, creep · To what, where: fox, spinney, hounds, hand, thick grove
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, Reynard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meanwhile | meanwhile | ADV | _ | 3 lord | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lord | det |
| 3 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chasing | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 castle | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 castle | det |
| 6 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lord | nmod |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 chasing | aux |
| 8 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 9 chasing | advmod |
| 9 | chasing | chase | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 fox | det |
| 11 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chasing | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 lost | punct |
| 13 | awhile | awhile | ADV | _ | 15 lost | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lost | nsubj |
| 15 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 chasing | parataxis |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lost | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 rode | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 rode | cc |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 rode | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 rode | nsubj |
| 21 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 lost | conj |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 24 spinney | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 spinney | det |
| 24 | spinney | spinney | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rode | obl |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 heard | nsubj |
| 26 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 spinney | acl:relcl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 hounds | det |
| 28 | hounds | hound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 heard | obj |
| 29 | near | near | ADP | _ | 31 hand | case |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 hand | case |
| 31 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 hounds | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 came | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 came | cc |
| 34 | Reynard | Reynard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 came | nsubj |
| 35 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 rode | parataxis |
| 36 | creeping | creep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 came | xcomp |
| 37 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 grove | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 grove | det |
| 39 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 grove | amod |
| 40 | grove | grove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 creeping | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 pack | punct |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 pack | case |
| 43 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 pack | det:predet |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 pack | det |
| 45 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 came | conj |
| 46 | at | at | ADP | _ | 48 heels | case |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 heels | nmod:poss |
| 48 | heels | heel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 pack | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 chasing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chase | past · progressive | the lord of the castle | the fox | abroad property | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fox=Theme | |||
| 2 | lose | past | lord | fox | awhile property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | ride | past | lord | a spinney | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through spinney=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | hear | past | lord | the hounds | hand | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer hound=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | come | past | Reynard | all pack at fox's heels conj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | creep | gerund | Reynard not said here | a thick grove | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through grove=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/12/