Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 14
Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from their jaws, and held it aloft over his head, and hallooed loudly, and the hunters hied them thither, blowing their horns; all that bare bugles blew them at once, and all the others shouted. ’
Who acts: lord leapt, hunters, that, bare bugles, others · What happens: catch, hold, halloo, hie, blow, bugle · To what, where: fox, jaws, saddle, hounds, horns
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord leapt, hunters, that, bare bugles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 caught | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 leapt | det |
| 3 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leapt | compound |
| 4 | leapt | leapt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 caught | nsubj |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 saddle | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 saddle | nmod:poss |
| 7 | saddle | saddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leapt | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 caught | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 caught | cc |
| 10 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 fox | det |
| 12 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 caught | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 jaws | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 15 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 caught | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 held | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 held | cc |
| 18 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 held | obj |
| 20 | aloft | aloft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 held | xcomp |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 head | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 head | nmod:poss |
| 23 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 aloft | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 hallooed | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 hallooed | cc |
| 26 | hallooed | halloo | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 27 | loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 26 hallooed | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hied | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 hied | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hunters | det |
| 31 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hied | nsubj |
| 32 | hied | hie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hied | obj |
| 34 | thither | thither | ADV | _ | 32 hied | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 blowing | punct |
| 36 | blowing | blow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 hied | advcl |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 horns | nmod:poss |
| 38 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 blowing | obj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 blew | punct |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 bugles | det |
| 41 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 bugles | nsubj |
| 42 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 bugles | amod |
| 43 | bugles | bugle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 blew | nsubj |
| 44 | blew | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | parataxis |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 blew | obj |
| 46 | at | at | ADP | _ | 47 once | case |
| 47 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 44 blew | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 shouted | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 shouted | cc |
| 50 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 52 others | det:predet |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 others | det |
| 52 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 shouted | nsubj |
| 53 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 blew | conj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 caught | punct |
| 55 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle | the fox | hounds's jaws | then | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fox=Theme from jaw=Source | ||
| 2 | hold | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle not said here | saddle | aloft property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 3 | halloo | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle not said here | loudly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hie | past | the hunters | hounds = hound | thither property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | blow | gerund | the hunters not said here | hounds's horns | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent horn=Patient | ||||
| 6 | bugle | that | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | blow | past | all bare bugles | hounds = hound | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 8 | shout speech: express | past | all others | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/14/