Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 45
He arose ere the day broke, by the light of a lamp that burned in his chamber, and called to his chamberlain, bidding him bring his armour and saddle his steed.
Who acts: knight, day, lamp · What happens: arise, break, burn, call, bid, bring · To what, where: chamber, chamberlain, knight, armour, steed, lamp · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, day, lamp), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 arose | nsubj |
| 2 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ere | ere | ADV | _ | 2 arose | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 day | det |
| 5 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 broke | nsubj |
| 6 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 arose | ccomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 light | punct |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 light | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 light | det |
| 10 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 broke | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lamp | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lamp | det |
| 13 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 light | nmod |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 burned | nsubj |
| 15 | burned | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 lamp | acl:relcl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 chamber | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 chamber | nmod:poss |
| 18 | chamber | chamber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 burned | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 called | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 called | cc |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 arose | parataxis |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 chamberlain | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 chamberlain | nmod:poss |
| 24 | chamberlain | chamberlain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 called | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 bidding | punct |
| 26 | bidding | bid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 called | advcl |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 bidding | obj |
| 28 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 bidding | xcomp |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 armour | nmod:poss |
| 30 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bring | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 saddle | cc |
| 32 | saddle | saddle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 bring | conj |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 steed | nmod:poss |
| 34 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 saddle | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 arose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past | knight | ere property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break | past | the day | by the light of a lamp | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by light=Location | ||||
| 3 | burn | past | a lamp | knight's chamber | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in chamber=Location | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | knight's chamberlain | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to chamberlain=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | bid | gerund | knight | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | bring | infinitive | knight's armour | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent armour=Theme | |||||
| 7 | saddle | infinitive | knight's steed | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent steed=Destination | |||||
| 8 | light | a lamp | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/45/