Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 40
“Thou art not Gawain,” he said, “who is held so valiant, that never feared he man by hill or vale, but _thou_ shrinkest for fear ere thou feelest hurt.
Who acts: Gawain, thou · What happens: say, hold, not fear, shrink, hurt · To what, where: that, thou · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 art | punct |
| 2 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 3 art | nsubj |
| 3 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | ccomp |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 Gawain | advmod |
| 5 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 art | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 art | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 art | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 held | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 held | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 held | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 held | aux:pass |
| 14 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | ccomp |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 16 valiant | advmod |
| 16 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 held | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 feared | punct |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 feared | obj |
| 19 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 20 feared | advmod |
| 20 | feared | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 valiant | conj |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 feared | obj |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 feared | obj |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 hill | case |
| 24 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 man | nmod |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 vale | cc |
| 26 | vale | vale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 man | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 shrinkest | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 shrinkest | cc |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 thou | punct |
| 30 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 32 shrinkest | nsubj |
| 31 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 thou | punct |
| 32 | shrinkest | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 fear | case |
| 34 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shrinkest | obl |
| 35 | ere | ere | ADV | _ | 38 hurt | advmod |
| 36 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 38 hurt | nsubj |
| 37 | feelest | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 hurt | aux:pass |
| 38 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 shrinkest | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Gawain | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | hold in a quote | present · passive | who nsubj:pass; valiant property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not fear in a quote | past | that | Gawain obj; man or vale obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | shrink in a quote | present | thou | for fear | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | hurt in a quote | present · passive | thou | ere property | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/40/