Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 61
And when the knight saw the blood staining the snow, he sprang forth, swift-foot, more than a spear’s length, seized his helmet and set it on his head, cast his shield over his shoulder, drew out his bright sword, and spake boldly (never since he was born was he half so blithe), “Stop, Sir Knight, bid me no more blows.
Who acts: knight, blood · What happens: see, stain, spring, seize, set, cast · To what, where: blood, snow, swift foot, helmet, head, shield · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 sprang | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 saw | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 knight | det |
| 4 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 sprang | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 blood | det |
| 7 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 8 | staining | stain | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 blood | acl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 snow | det |
| 10 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 staining | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sprang | nsubj |
| 13 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 seized | advcl |
| 14 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 13 sprang | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 foot | punct |
| 16 | swift | swift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 foot | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 swift | punct |
| 18 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sprang | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 more | punct |
| 20 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 18 foot | conj |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 25 length | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 spear | det |
| 23 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 length | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 spear | case |
| 25 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 more | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 seized | punct |
| 27 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 helmet | nmod:poss |
| 29 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 seized | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 set | cc |
| 31 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 seized | conj |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 set | obj |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 head | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 head | nmod:poss |
| 35 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 set | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 cast | punct |
| 37 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 set | conj |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 shield | nmod:poss |
| 39 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 cast | obj |
| 40 | over | over | ADP | _ | 42 shoulder | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 42 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 cast | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 drew | punct |
| 44 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 seized | conj |
| 45 | out | out | ADP | _ | 44 drew | compound:prt |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 sword | nmod:poss |
| 47 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 sword | amod |
| 48 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 drew | obj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 spake | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 spake | cc |
| 51 | spake | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 seized | conj |
| 52 | boldly | boldly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 51 spake | advmod |
| 53 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 54 never | punct |
| 54 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 63 blithe | advmod |
| 55 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 58 born | mark |
| 56 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 born | nsubj:pass |
| 57 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 born | aux:pass |
| 58 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 never | advcl |
| 59 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 blithe | cop |
| 60 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 blithe | nsubj |
| 61 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 63 blithe | advmod |
| 62 | so | so | ADV | _ | 63 blithe | advmod |
| 63 | blithe | blithe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 spake | parataxis |
| 64 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 63 blithe | punct |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 Stop | punct |
| 66 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 67 Stop | punct |
| 67 | Stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 spake | conj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 Sir | punct |
| 69 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Stop | obj |
| 70 | Knight | Knight | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 Sir | flat |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 bid | punct |
| 72 | bid | bid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 seized | conj |
| 73 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 72 bid | obj |
| 74 | no | no | ADV | _ | 76 blows | advmod |
| 75 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 76 blows | amod |
| 76 | blows | blow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 bid | obj |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 seized | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the knight | the blood | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer blood=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | stain | gerund | the blood not said here | the snow | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent snow=Destination | ||||
| 3 | spring | past | knight | swift foot | forth property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | seize | past | knight's helmet | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | |||||
| 5 | set | infinitive | blood | knight's head | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on head=Destination | ||||
| 6 | cast | infinitive | knight's shield | knight's shoulder | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent shield=Theme over shoulder=Destination | ||||
| 7 | draw out | past | knight's bright sword | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | |||||
| 8 | speak speech: other | infinitive | boldly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | bear | past · passive | knight | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 10 | not is | past | knight | blithe, half property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | stop in a quote | infinitive | Sir | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sir=Eventuality | |||||
| 12 | bid in a quote | past | me | more blows obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/61/