Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 88
Then the other laughed and said gaily, “I wot I am whole of the hurt I had, and thou hast made such free confession of thy misdeeds, and hast so borne the penance of mine axe-edge, that I hold thee absolved from that sin, and purged as clean as if thou hadst never sinned since thou wast born.
Who acts: other, thou · What happens: laugh, say, wot, be, have, make · To what, where: hurt, thou, penance, thee, sin, misdeeds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 laughed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 other | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 laughed | nsubj |
| 4 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 said | cc |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 laughed | conj |
| 7 | gaily | gaily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 said | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 wot | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 wot | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 wot | nsubj |
| 11 | wot | wot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 whole | nsubj |
| 13 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 whole | cop |
| 14 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 wot | ccomp |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 hurt | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hurt | det |
| 17 | hurt | hurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 whole | obl |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 had | nsubj |
| 19 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 hurt | acl:relcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 made | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 made | cc |
| 22 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 made | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 made | aux:pass |
| 24 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 laughed | conj |
| 25 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 confession | amod |
| 26 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 confession | amod |
| 27 | confession | confession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 made | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 misdeeds | case |
| 29 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 misdeeds | nmod:poss |
| 30 | misdeeds | misdeed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 confession | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 borne | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 borne | cc |
| 33 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 borne | aux |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 borne | advmod |
| 35 | borne | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 laughed | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 penance | det |
| 37 | penance | penance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 borne | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 edge | case |
| 39 | mine | mine | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 edge | nmod:poss |
| 40 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 edge | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 axe | punct |
| 42 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 penance | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 hold | punct |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 hold | mark |
| 45 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 hold | nsubj |
| 46 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 borne | conj |
| 47 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 46 hold | obj |
| 48 | absolved | absolve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 hold | xcomp |
| 49 | from | from | ADP | _ | 51 sin | case |
| 50 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 51 sin | det |
| 51 | sin | sin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 absolved | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 purged | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 purged | cc |
| 54 | purged | purge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 laughed | conj |
| 55 | as | as | ADP | _ | 56 clean | case |
| 56 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 purged | obl |
| 57 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 62 sinned | mark |
| 58 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 62 sinned | mark |
| 59 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 62 sinned | nsubj |
| 60 | hadst | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 sinned | aux |
| 61 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 62 sinned | advmod |
| 62 | sinned | sin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 54 purged | advcl |
| 63 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 66 born | mark |
| 64 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 66 born | nsubj:pass |
| 65 | wast | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 born | aux:pass |
| 66 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 sinned | advcl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | the other | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the other not said here | gaily property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | wot in a quote | present | the other = other | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | the other = other | of the hurt; whole property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | have in a quote | past | the other = other | the hurt not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hurt=Patient | ||||
| 6 | make in a quote | present · passive | thou | such free confession of thy misdeeds obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary confession=Product | ||||
| 7 | bear in a quote | present · perfect | the penance of mine axe edge | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penance=Patient | |||||
| 8 | hold in a quote | present | the other = other | thee | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | absolve in a quote | participle | the other = other not said here | that sin | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer | ||||
| 10 | purge in a quote | participle | the other not said here | as clean | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | not sin in a quote | past · perfect | thou | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | bear in a quote | past · passive | thou | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 13 | confess in a quote | thy misdeeds | nom confession «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/88/