Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 93
“Nay, forsooth,” said Sir Gawain and seized his helmet and took it off swiftly, and thanked the knight: “I have fared ill, may bliss betide thee, and may He who rules all things reward thee swiftly.
Who acts: Gawain, knight, things · What happens: say, seize, take off, thank, fare, bliss · To what, where: helmet, thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, knight, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 forsooth | punct |
| 2 | Nay | nay | INTJ | _ | 4 forsooth | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 forsooth | punct |
| 4 | forsooth | forsooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | ccomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 forsooth | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 forsooth | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 9 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 seized | cc |
| 11 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | conj |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 helmet | nmod:poss |
| 13 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 seized | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 took | cc |
| 15 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 seized | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 took | obj |
| 17 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 took | compound:prt |
| 18 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 15 took | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 thanked | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 thanked | cc |
| 21 | thanked | thank | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 knight | det |
| 23 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 thanked | obj |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 fared | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 fared | punct |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 fared | nsubj |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 fared | aux |
| 28 | fared | fare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 thanked | conj |
| 29 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 fared | xcomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 bliss | punct |
| 31 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 bliss | aux |
| 32 | bliss | bliss | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 fared | conj |
| 33 | betide | betide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 bliss | xcomp |
| 34 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 33 betide | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 rules | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 rules | cc |
| 37 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 rules | aux |
| 38 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 rules | nsubj |
| 39 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 rules | nsubj |
| 40 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 fared | obl |
| 41 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 things | det |
| 42 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 reward | nsubj |
| 43 | reward | reward | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 rules | acl:relcl |
| 44 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 43 reward | obj |
| 45 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 43 reward | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Gawain Sir | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | seize | past | Gawain Sir not said here | Sir's helmet | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | ||||
| 3 | take off | past | Gawain Sir not said here | Helmet | swiftly property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 4 | thank speech: thank | past | the knight | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | fare in a quote | present · perfect | the knight = knight | ill property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | bliss in a quote | may | the knight = knight not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | betide in a quote | infinitive | the knight = knight not said here | thee | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | rule in a quote | may | Gawain | who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | reward in a quote | present | all things | thee | swiftly property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/93/