Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 26
Two mediæval romances, the _Mule sans Frein_ (French) and _Diu Krône_ (German), again attribute it to Gawain; while the continuator of Chrétien de Troye’s _Conte del Graal_ gives as hero a certain Carados, whom he represents as Arthur’s nephew; and the prose _Perceval_ has Lancelot.
Who acts: Mule, Diu Krône, Conte, prose · What happens: san, attribute, give, represent, have · To what, where: Frein, Mule, Gawain, hero, certain Carados, Lancelot
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mule, Diu Krône, Conte, prose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 romances | nummod |
| 2 | mediæval | mediæval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 romances | amod |
| 3 | romances | romance | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sans | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Mule | det |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 Mule | punct |
| 7 | Mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sans | nsubj |
| 8 | sans | san | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 romances | conj |
| 9 | Frein | Frein | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 sans | obj |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 sans | punct |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 French | punct |
| 12 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 sans | obj |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 French | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 attribute | cc |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 Krône | punct |
| 16 | Diu | Diu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Krône | compound |
| 17 | Krône | Krône | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 attribute | nsubj |
| 18 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 Krône | punct |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 German | punct |
| 20 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 Krône | appos |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 German | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 attribute | punct |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 24 attribute | advmod |
| 24 | attribute | attribute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 sans | conj |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 attribute | obj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 Gawain | case |
| 27 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 attribute | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 gives | punct |
| 29 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 42 gives | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 continuator | det |
| 31 | continuator | continuator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Conte | nmod:poss |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Chrétien | case |
| 33 | Chrétien | Chrétien | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 continuator | nmod |
| 34 | de | de | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Chrétien | flat |
| 35 | Troye | Troye | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Chrétien | flat |
| 36 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 31 continuator | case |
| 37 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 Conte | punct |
| 38 | Conte | Conte | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 gives | nsubj |
| 39 | del | del | PART | _ | 38 Conte | case |
| 40 | Graal | Graal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Conte | flat |
| 41 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 Conte | punct |
| 42 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 sans | parataxis |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 hero | case |
| 44 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 gives | iobj |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 Carados | det |
| 46 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 Carados | amod |
| 47 | Carados | Carados | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 hero | appos |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 represents | punct |
| 49 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 represents | obj |
| 50 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 represents | nsubj |
| 51 | represents | represent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 Carados | acl:relcl |
| 52 | as | as | ADP | _ | 55 nephew | case |
| 53 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 nephew | nmod:poss |
| 54 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 53 Arthur | case |
| 55 | nephew | nephew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 represents | obl |
| 56 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 63 has | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 has | cc |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 prose | det |
| 59 | prose | prose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 has | nsubj |
| 60 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 63 has | punct |
| 61 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 has | nsubj |
| 62 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 Perceval | flat |
| 63 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 romances | parataxis |
| 64 | Lancelot | Lancelot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 has | obj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 romances | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | san | present | the Mule | Frein | French obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | attribute | infinitive | Diu Krône | Mule | Gawain | again | tree rules | ||
| 3 | give | present | the continuator of Chrétien's Conte | hero | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hero=Theme | ||||
| 4 | represent | present | Conte | a certain Carados | as Arthur's nephew | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent whom=Theme as nephew=Attribute | |||
| 5 | have | present | the prose | Lancelot | Perceval nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lancelot=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/9/26/