Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 35
It is usual enough to find graceful and charming descriptions of spring and early summer—an appreciation of _May_ in especial, when the summer courts were held, is part of the stock-in-trade of mediæval romancers—but a sympathy with the year in all its changes is far rarer, and certainly deserves to be specially reckoned to the credit of this nameless writer.
Who acts: knowledge, sympathy · What happens: be, find, hold, deserve, reckon, describe · To what, where: graceful descriptions, summer courts, part, spring, mediæval romancers, nameless writer
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knowledge, sympathy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 usual | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 usual | cop |
| 3 | usual | usual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 3 usual | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 find | mark |
| 6 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 usual | advcl |
| 7 | graceful | graceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 descriptions | amod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 charming | cc |
| 9 | charming | charming | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 graceful | conj |
| 10 | descriptions | description | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 find | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 spring | case |
| 12 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 descriptions | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 summer | cc |
| 14 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 summer | amod |
| 15 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 spring | conj |
| 16 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 appreciation | punct |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 appreciation | det |
| 18 | appreciation | appreciation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 descriptions | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 _ | case |
| 20 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 appreciation | nmod |
| 21 | May | May | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 _ | flat |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 24 especial | punct |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 especial | case |
| 24 | especial | especial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 appreciation | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 held | punct |
| 26 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 31 held | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 courts | det |
| 28 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 courts | compound |
| 29 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 held | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 held | aux:pass |
| 31 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 especial | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 part | punct |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 part | cop |
| 34 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 appreciation | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 trade | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 trade | det |
| 37 | stock | stock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 trade | nsubj |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 trade | punct |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 trade | case |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 in | punct |
| 41 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 part | nmod |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 romancers | case |
| 43 | mediæval | mediæval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 romancers | amod |
| 44 | romancers | romancer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 trade | nmod |
| 45 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 58 rarer | punct |
| 46 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 58 rarer | cc |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 sympathy | det |
| 48 | sympathy | sympathy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 rarer | nsubj |
| 49 | with | with | ADP | _ | 51 year | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 year | det |
| 51 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 sympathy | nmod |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 changes | case |
| 53 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 55 changes | det:predet |
| 54 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 changes | nmod:poss |
| 55 | changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 year | nmod |
| 56 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 rarer | cop |
| 57 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 58 rarer | advmod |
| 58 | rarer | rare | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 usual | parataxis |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 deserves | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 deserves | cc |
| 61 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 62 deserves | advmod |
| 62 | deserves | deserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 rarer | conj |
| 63 | to | to | PART | _ | 66 reckoned | mark |
| 64 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 66 reckoned | aux:pass |
| 65 | specially | specially | ADV | _ | 66 reckoned | advmod |
| 66 | reckoned | reckon | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 deserves | xcomp |
| 67 | to | to | ADP | _ | 69 credit | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 credit | det |
| 69 | credit | credit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 reckoned | obl |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 73 writer | case |
| 71 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 73 writer | det |
| 72 | nameless | nameless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 writer | amod |
| 73 | writer | writer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 credit | nmod |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 usual | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | knowledge | enough, usual property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | to-infinitive | knowledge not said here | graceful descriptions of spring and early summer and a appreciation of _ and part | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent description=Topic | ||||
| 3 | hold | past · passive | the summer courts | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | knowledge not said here | part | of the trade stock of mediæval romancers | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | present | a sympathy with the year in knowledge's changes | far, rare property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | deserve | present | a sympathy with the year in knowledge's changes not said here | certainly property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | reckon | to-infinitive · passive | a sympathy with the year in knowledge's changes not said here | to the credit of this nameless writer; specially property | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S» | ||||
| 8 | describe | spring and early summer | nom description «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | trade | mediæval romancers | nom trade «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | change | knowledge | nom change «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | credit | this nameless writer | nom credit «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/9/35/