Hawaiian Historical Legends, Opening, sentence 17
The Hawaiian language papers since 1835, Fornander’s Polynesian Researches, and many of the old Hawaiians have been of great assistance in searching for these “fragments of Hawaiian history,” now set forth in this book.
Who acts: Polynesian, old Hawaiians, great assistance · What happens: research, be, search, set · To what, where: many, great assistance, book, Hawaiian language papers
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polynesian, old Hawaiians, great assistance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 papers | det |
| 2 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 papers | amod |
| 3 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 papers | compound |
| 4 | papers | paper | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | since | since | ADP | _ | 6 1835 | case |
| 6 | 1835 | 1835 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 papers | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Researches | punct |
| 8 | Fornander | Fornander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Polynesian | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 8 Fornander | case |
| 10 | Polynesian | Polynesian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Researches | nsubj |
| 11 | Researches | research | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 papers | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 many | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 many | cc |
| 14 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Researches | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 assistance | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Hawaiians | det |
| 17 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Hawaiians | amod |
| 18 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 assistance | nsubj |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 assistance | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 assistance | cop |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 assistance | case |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 assistance | amod |
| 23 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 many | nmod |
| 24 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 25 searching | mark |
| 25 | searching | search | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 assistance | acl |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 fragments | case |
| 27 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 fragments | det |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 fragments | punct |
| 29 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 searching | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 history | case |
| 31 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 history | amod |
| 32 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 fragments | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 searching | punct |
| 34 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 assistance | punct |
| 35 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 set | advmod |
| 36 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 assistance | acl |
| 37 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 36 set | advmod |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 book | case |
| 39 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 book | det |
| 40 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 set | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 Researches | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | research | present | Fornander's Polynesian | many | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present · perfect | the old Hawaiians | of great assistance | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | search | gerund | great assistance not said here | for this fragments of Hawaiian history | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for fragment=Theme | ||||
| 4 | set | participle | great assistance not said here | this book | now | forth property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in book=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/1/17/