Hawaiian Historical Legends, Laa From Tahiti, sentence 36
It seems to those who now cross the ocean in great ships that such a voyage is almost incredible, but the Hawaiians were vikings and were as intrepid sailors as the Norsemen who were sailing across the Atlantic Ocean about the same time.
Who acts: It, great ships, Hawaiians, Norsemen · What happens: seem, cross, be, sail · To what, where: ocean, vikings, Atlantic Ocean
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Laa From Tahiti. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, great ships, Hawaiians, Norsemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 seems | nsubj |
| 2 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 those | case |
| 4 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 seems | obl |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 cross | nsubj |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 cross | advmod |
| 7 | cross | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 those | acl:relcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ocean | det |
| 9 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cross | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 ships | case |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ships | amod |
| 12 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cross | obl |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 incredible | nsubj |
| 14 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 voyage | det:predet |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 voyage | det |
| 16 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 incredible | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 incredible | cop |
| 18 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 19 incredible | advmod |
| 19 | incredible | incredible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ships | acl:relcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 vikings | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 Hawaiians | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Hawaiians | det |
| 23 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 vikings | nsubj |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 vikings | cop |
| 25 | vikings | viking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 seems | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 sailors | cc |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 sailors | cop |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 sailors | case |
| 29 | intrepid | intrepid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 sailors | amod |
| 30 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 seems | conj |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 Norsemen | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Norsemen | det |
| 33 | Norsemen | Norseman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 seems | xcomp |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 sailing | nsubj |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 sailing | aux |
| 36 | sailing | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 Norsemen | acl:relcl |
| 37 | across | across | ADP | _ | 40 Ocean | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Ocean | det |
| 39 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Ocean | compound |
| 40 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 sailing | obl |
| 41 | about | about | ADP | _ | 44 time | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 time | det |
| 43 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 time | amod |
| 44 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sailing | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 seems | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | It | to those; the Norsemen xcomp | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cross | present | the ocean | now | in great ships; who nsubj | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient in ship=Topic | |||
| 3 | is | present | great ships | such voyage nsubj; almost, incredible property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | the Hawaiians | vikings | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | as intrepid sailors | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | sail | past · progressive | the Norsemen | the Atlantic Ocean | time | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across ocean=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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