Hawaiian Historical Legends, Laa From Tahiti, sentence 9
The mountains of Tahiti have been built upward from the floors of the ocean until their rugged ravines rise several thousand feet above the surf-washed beach.
Who acts: rugged ravines · What happens: build, rise, wash · To what, where: mountains, floors, thousand feet, washed beach
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Laa From Tahiti. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rugged ravines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mountains | det |
| 2 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 built | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Tahiti | case |
| 4 | Tahiti | Tahiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 mountains | nmod |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 built | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 built | aux:pass |
| 7 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | upward | upward | ADV | _ | 7 built | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 floors | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 floors | det |
| 11 | floors | floor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 built | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 ocean | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 ocean | det |
| 14 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 floors | nmod |
| 15 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 19 rise | mark |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 ravines | nmod:poss |
| 17 | rugged | rugged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 ravines | amod |
| 18 | ravines | ravine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rise | nsubj |
| 19 | rise | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 built | advcl |
| 20 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 thousand | amod |
| 21 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 feet | nummod |
| 22 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rise | obj |
| 23 | above | above | ADP | _ | 28 beach | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 beach | det |
| 25 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 washed | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 surf | punct |
| 27 | washed | wash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 beach | amod |
| 28 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rise | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present · perfect · passive | the mountains of Tahiti | the floors of the ocean | upward property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from floor=Material | |||
| 2 | rise | present | floors's rugged ravines | thousand feet | the washed beach | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme | |||
| 3 | wash | participle | surf compound | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/10/9/