Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 108
Judge Fornander says: “It is probable that some Spanish galleons picked up Ku and his companions, carried them to Acapulco, Mexico, and brought them back on the return voyage.”
Who acts: Judge, Spanish galleons · What happens: say, be, pick up, carry, bring back · To what, where: Spanish galleons, companions, Acapulco, return voyage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judge, Spanish galleons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 2 | Fornander | Fornander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Judge | appos |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 probable | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 probable | punct |
| 6 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 probable | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 probable | cop |
| 8 | probable | probable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 says | ccomp |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 carried | mark |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 galleons | det |
| 11 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 galleons | amod |
| 12 | galleons | galleon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 carried | nsubj |
| 13 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 galleons | acl |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 picked | compound:prt |
| 15 | Ku | Ku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 galleons | appos |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 companions | cc |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 companions | nmod:poss |
| 18 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 Ku | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 galleons | punct |
| 20 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 probable | advcl |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 carried | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Acapulco | case |
| 23 | Acapulco | Acapulco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 carried | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 Mexico | punct |
| 25 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Acapulco | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 brought | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 brought | cc |
| 28 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 carried | conj |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 brought | obj |
| 30 | back | back | ADV | _ | 28 brought | advmod |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 voyage | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 voyage | det |
| 33 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 voyage | compound |
| 34 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 brought | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 probable | punct |
| 36 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 probable | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Judge | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Judge | probable property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | pick up in a quote | participle | some Spanish galleons not said here | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | carry in a quote | past | some Spanish galleons | companions = companion | Acapulco and Mexico | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to acapulco=Destination | |||
| 5 | bring back in a quote | past | some Spanish galleons not said here | companions = companion | the return voyage | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme on voyage=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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