Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 43
King Kalakaua relates the amplified legend and chant in his “Myths and Legends of Hawaii,” and in imagination pictures some of the battles fought and trades made for the possession of the iron knife.
Who acts: King, Myths · What happens: relate, amplify, fight, trade, make, possess · To what, where: amplified legend, iron knife
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Myths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 relates | nsubj |
| 2 | Kalakaua | Kalakaua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 King | flat |
| 3 | relates | relate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 legend | det |
| 5 | amplified | amplify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 legend | amod |
| 6 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 relates | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 chant | cc |
| 8 | chant | chant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 legend | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Myths | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 Myths | nmod:poss |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Myths | punct |
| 12 | Myths | Myths | PROPN | Number=Plur | 27 fought | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 Legends | cc |
| 14 | Legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 Myths | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Hawaii | case |
| 16 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Legends | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Myths | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Myths | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 pictures | cc |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 pictures | case |
| 21 | imagination | imagination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 pictures | compound |
| 22 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 fought | nsubj |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 pictures | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 battles | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 battles | det |
| 26 | battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 some | nmod |
| 27 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 relates | parataxis |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 trades | cc |
| 29 | trades | trade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 relates | conj |
| 30 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 trades | xcomp |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 possession | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 possession | det |
| 33 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 made | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 knife | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 knife | det |
| 36 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 knife | compound |
| 37 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 possession | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 relates | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | relate | present | King | the amplified legend and chant | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent legend=Theme | ||||
| 2 | amplify | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | fight | past | King's Myths and Legends of Hawaii | imagination pictures nsubj | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | trade | present | King not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | make | participle | King not said here | for the possession of the iron knife | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for possession=Asset | ||||
| 6 | possess | the iron knife | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/11/43/