Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 87
The men of Kahiki have ascended The backbone of heaven (mountains) Up there they trample down, They look down on those below.
Who acts: men, man · What happens: ascend, trample down, look down · To what, where: backbone
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 men | det |
| 2 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 ascended | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Kahiki | case |
| 4 | Kahiki | Kahiki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 men | nmod |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ascended | aux |
| 6 | ascended | ascend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 backbone | det |
| 8 | backbone | backbone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ascended | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 heaven | case |
| 10 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 backbone | nmod |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 mountains | punct |
| 12 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 heaven | conj |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 mountains | punct |
| 14 | Up | up | ADV | _ | 15 there | advmod |
| 15 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 trample | advmod |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 trample | nsubj |
| 17 | trample | trample | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ascended | advcl |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 trample | compound:prt |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 look | punct |
| 20 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 look | nsubj |
| 21 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ascended | conj |
| 22 | down | down | ADP | _ | 21 look | compound:prt |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 those | case |
| 24 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 21 look | obl |
| 25 | below | below | ADV | _ | 24 those | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ascended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascend | present · perfect | the men of Kahiki | the backbone of heaven and mountains | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme backbone=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | trample down | present | man | there | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look down | present | man | on those | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on that=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/11/87/