Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 178
Then that chief struck Lono with his spear and knocked him down on the lava beach.
Who acts: chief · What happens: strike, knock down · To what, where: Lono, lava beach
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 struck | advmod |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 chief | det |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 struck | nsubj |
| 4 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Lono | Lono | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 struck | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 spear | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 spear | nmod:poss |
| 8 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 struck | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 knocked | cc |
| 10 | knocked | knock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 struck | conj |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 knocked | obj |
| 12 | down | down | ADP | _ | 10 knocked | compound:prt |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 beach | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 beach | det |
| 15 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 beach | compound |
| 16 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 knocked | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | past | that chief | Lono | then | with Lono's spear | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent lono=Patient with spear=Instrument | ||
| 2 | knock down | past | that chief not said here | Lono | the lava beach | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme on beach=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/178/