Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 185
Some natives skilled in the use of sling-stones threw stones against the boat.
Who acts: natives · What happens: skill, throw, use · To what, where: natives, use, stones, boat, sling stones
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 natives | det |
| 2 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 threw | nsubj |
| 3 | skilled | skill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 natives | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 use | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 use | det |
| 6 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 skilled | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 stones | case |
| 8 | sling | sling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stones | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 sling | punct |
| 10 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 use | nmod |
| 11 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 threw | obj |
| 13 | against | against | ADP | _ | 15 boat | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 boat | det |
| 15 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 threw | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | skill | participle | some natives not said here | the use of sling stones | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | throw | past | some natives | stones | the boat | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme against boat=Destination | |||
| 3 | use | sling stones | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/185/