Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 187
The natives held up mats as shields, but found they were no protection against the bullets.
Who acts: natives · What happens: hold up, find, be · To what, where: mats, protection · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 natives | det |
| 2 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 found | nsubj |
| 3 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 natives | acl |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 held | compound:prt |
| 5 | mats | mat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 held | obj |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 shields | case |
| 7 | shields | shield | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 held | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 found | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 found | cc |
| 10 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 protection | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 protection | cop |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 protection | det |
| 14 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 found | ccomp |
| 15 | against | against | ADP | _ | 17 bullets | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bullets | det |
| 17 | bullets | bullet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 protection | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | participle | the natives not said here | mats | as shields | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mat=Theme | |||
| 2 | find | past | the natives | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | natives = native | no protection | against the bullets | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/187/