Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 41
“They went before Kapena Kuke (Captain Cook), bent over, squatted down, and offered prayers, repeating words over and over; then took the hand of Kapena Kuke and knelt down; then rose up free from any tabu.”
Who acts: chief · What happens: go, bend over, squat down, offer, repeat, take · To what, where: offered prayers, Kapena Kuke, words, hand, tabu
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 2 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | before | before | ADP | _ | 6 Kuke | case |
| 5 | Kapena | Kapena | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Kuke | compound |
| 6 | Kuke | Kuke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 Cook | punct |
| 8 | Captain | Captain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Cook | compound |
| 9 | Cook | Cook | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Kuke | appos |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 Cook | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 bent | punct |
| 12 | bent | bend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 Kuke | acl:relcl |
| 13 | over | over | ADV | _ | 12 bent | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 squatted | punct |
| 15 | squatted | squat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 bent | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 squatted | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 prayers | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 prayers | cc |
| 19 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 prayers | amod |
| 20 | prayers | prayer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 went | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 repeating | punct |
| 22 | repeating | repeat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 went | advcl |
| 23 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 repeating | obj |
| 24 | over | over | ADV | _ | 22 repeating | advmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 over | cc |
| 26 | over | over | ADV | _ | 24 over | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 took | punct |
| 28 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 took | advmod |
| 29 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hand | det |
| 31 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 took | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Kapena | case |
| 33 | Kapena | Kapena | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 hand | nmod |
| 34 | Kuke | Kuke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Kapena | flat |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 knelt | cc |
| 36 | knelt | kneel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 took | conj |
| 37 | down | down | ADP | _ | 36 knelt | compound:prt |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 rose | punct |
| 39 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 40 rose | advmod |
| 40 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 took | conj |
| 41 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 rose | compound:prt |
| 42 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 rose | xcomp |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 tabu | case |
| 44 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 45 tabu | det |
| 45 | tabu | tabu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 rose | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go in a quote | past | chief | offered prayers | Kapena Kuke | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before kuke=Location | |||
| 2 | bend over in a quote | participle | Kapena Kuke not said here | over property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | squat down in a quote | participle | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | offer in a quote | participle | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | repeat in a quote | gerund | chief not said here | words | over property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | take in a quote | past | the hand of Kapena | then | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | ||||
| 7 | kneel down in a quote | past | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | rise up in a quote | past | any tabu | then | free property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tabu=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/41/