Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 80
The men had white heads with corners, clothes like wrinkled skin, holes in the sides (pockets), sharp-pointed things on their feet, fire in their mouths, and smoke with the fire like a volcano coming from their mouths.”
Who acts: men, smoke · What happens: have, wrinkle, come · To what, where: white heads, mouths
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 men | det |
| 2 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 heads | amod |
| 5 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 corners | case |
| 7 | corners | corner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 clothes | punct |
| 9 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 7 corners | conj |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 12 skin | case |
| 11 | wrinkled | wrinkle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 skin | amod |
| 12 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clothes | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 holes | punct |
| 14 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 corners | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 sides | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sides | det |
| 17 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 holes | nmod |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 pockets | punct |
| 19 | pockets | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sides | appos | |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 pockets | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 things | punct |
| 22 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 things | amod |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 sharp | punct |
| 24 | pointed | pointed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 things | amod |
| 25 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 holes | conj |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 feet | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 feet | nmod:poss |
| 28 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 things | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 fire | punct |
| 30 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 feet | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 mouths | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 mouths | nmod:poss |
| 33 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 fire | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 coming | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 coming | cc |
| 36 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 coming | nsubj |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 fire | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 fire | det |
| 39 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 smoke | nmod |
| 40 | like | like | ADP | _ | 42 volcano | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 volcano | det |
| 42 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fire | nmod |
| 43 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 had | advcl |
| 44 | from | from | ADP | _ | 46 mouths | case |
| 45 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 mouths | nmod:poss |
| 46 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 coming | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the men | white heads | with corners holes in the sides and sharp pointed things on man's feet and fire in man's mouths and clothes like wrinkled skin | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient | |||
| 2 | wrinkle | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | come | gerund | smoke with the fire like a volcano | man's mouths | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mouth=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/80/