Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 14
Kahekili and his chiefs were pronounced worshippers of the various Hawaiian gods, therefore they argued that they should receive a place on the northeastern shores of Oahu where a noted heiau or temple was located.
Who acts: chiefs, Kahekili, gods · What happens: pronounce, be, argue, receive, note, locate · To what, where: pronounced worshippers, place, northeastern shores, noted heiau · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, Kahekili, gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 argued | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 worshippers | cc |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 chiefs | nmod:poss |
| 4 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 worshippers | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 worshippers | cop |
| 6 | pronounced | pronounce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 worshippers | amod |
| 7 | worshippers | worshipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Kahekili | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 gods | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 gods | det |
| 10 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 gods | amod |
| 11 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 gods | amod |
| 12 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 worshippers | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Kahekili | punct |
| 14 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 16 argued | advmod |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 argued | nsubj |
| 16 | argued | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 receive | mark |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 receive | nsubj |
| 19 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 receive | aux |
| 20 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 argued | ccomp |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 place | det |
| 22 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 receive | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 shores | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 shores | det |
| 25 | northeastern | northeastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 shores | amod |
| 26 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 receive | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Oahu | case |
| 28 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 located | obl |
| 29 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 36 located | advmod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 heiau | det |
| 31 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 heiau | amod |
| 32 | heiau | heiau | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 located | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 temple | cc |
| 34 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 heiau | conj |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 located | aux:pass |
| 36 | located | locate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 shores | acl:relcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 argued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pronounce | participle | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is a | past | Kahekili's chiefs | pronounced worshippers | of the various Hawaiian gods | tree rules | |||
| 3 | argue speech: disagree | past | Kahekili and pronounced worshippers | gods = god nsubj; therefore property | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | receive | should | gods = god | a place | the northeastern shores | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Theme on shore=Location | |||
| 5 | note | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | locate | past · passive | a noted heiau or temple | of Oahu | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/14/