Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 26
Probably this matter was not presented as the payment of tribute, but as a recognition of benefits received, and Kahahana again readily promised the ivory—the gift of the seas.
Who acts: recognition, Kahahana · What happens: not present, receive, promise, pay, recognize, gift · To what, where: matter, ivory, tribute, benefits, seas
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (recognition, Kahahana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Probably | probably | ADV | _ | 6 presented | advmod |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 matter | det |
| 3 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 presented | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 presented | aux:pass |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 presented | advmod |
| 6 | presented | present | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 payment | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 payment | det |
| 9 | payment | payment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 presented | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 tribute | case |
| 11 | tribute | tribute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 payment | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 received | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 received | cc |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 received | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 recognition | det |
| 16 | recognition | recognition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 received | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 benefits | case |
| 18 | benefits | benefit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 recognition | nmod |
| 19 | received | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 presented | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 promised | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 promised | cc |
| 22 | Kahahana | Kahahana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 promised | nsubj |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 25 promised | advmod |
| 24 | readily | readily | ADV | _ | 25 promised | advmod |
| 25 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 received | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 ivory | det |
| 27 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 promised | obj |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 gift | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 gift | det |
| 30 | gift | gift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ivory | appos |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 seas | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 seas | det |
| 33 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 gift | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 presented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not present | past · passive | this matter | as the payment of tribute; probably property | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | receive | past | a recognition of benefits | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | promise speech: promise | past | Kahahana | the ivory | again | readily property | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme | ||
| 4 | pay | tribute | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | recognize | benefits | nom recognition «state transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | gift | the seas | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/26/