Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 31
Kahahana, his wife, and the high chiefess who had come from Oahu to bring the news of his election, and a large retinue of retainers left Maui in regal state, while the good-bye “aloha” rang out over the waters from crowds of friends.
Who acts: high chiefess, large retinue, good bye, Kahahana · What happens: come, bring, leave, aloha, ring out, elect · To what, where: Oahu, news, Maui, regal state, waters
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high chiefess, large retinue, good bye, Kahahana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kahahana | Kahahana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 rang | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 wife | punct |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 wife | nmod:poss |
| 4 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Kahahana | appos |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 chiefess | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 chiefess | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 chiefess | det |
| 8 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 chiefess | amod |
| 9 | chiefess | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Kahahana | appos |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 come | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 come | aux |
| 12 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 chiefess | acl:relcl |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 Oahu | case |
| 14 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 come | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 bring | mark |
| 16 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 come | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 news | det |
| 18 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 bring | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 election | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 election | nmod:poss |
| 21 | election | election | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 news | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 rang | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 rang | cc |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 retinue | det |
| 25 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 retinue | amod |
| 26 | retinue | retinue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 rang | nsubj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 retainers | case |
| 28 | retainers | retainer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 retinue | nmod |
| 29 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 retinue | acl |
| 30 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 left | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 state | case |
| 32 | regal | regal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 state | amod |
| 33 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 left | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 aloha | punct |
| 35 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 41 aloha | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 bye | det |
| 37 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 bye | amod |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 good | punct |
| 39 | bye | bye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 aloha | nsubj |
| 40 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 aloha | punct |
| 41 | aloha | aloha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 retinue | appos |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 aloha | punct |
| 43 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 44 | out | out | ADV | _ | 43 rang | advmod |
| 45 | over | over | ADP | _ | 47 waters | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 waters | det |
| 47 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 rang | obl |
| 48 | from | from | ADP | _ | 49 crowds | case |
| 49 | crowds | crowd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 rang | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 friends | case |
| 51 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 crowds | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 43 rang | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past · perfect | the high chiefess | Oahu | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from oahu=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | bring | to-infinitive | the high chiefess not said here | the news of Kahahana's election | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent news=Theme | ||||
| 3 | leave | participle | a large retinue of retainers not said here | Maui | regal state | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent maui=Theme in state=Location | |||
| 4 | aloha in a quote | the good bye | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | ring out | past | Kahahana | the waters | from crowds of friends; a large retinue of retainers nsubj; out property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over water=Location | |||
| 6 | elect | Kahahana | nom election «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/31/